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Questions and Answers
What is the vertebra prominens?
What is the vertebra prominens?
- Located next to the manubrium of the sternum
- Opposite the interior border of the scapula
- Usually nonpalpable in most individuals
- The spinous process of C7 (correct)
What is the significance of the vertebra prominens in counting thoracic processes and identifying landmarks on the posterior chest?
What is the significance of the vertebra prominens in counting thoracic processes and identifying landmarks on the posterior chest?
- It is easier to identify and serves as a starting point (correct)
- It is opposite the interior border of the scapula
- It is usually nonpalpable in most individuals
- It is located next to the manubrium of the sternum
What does a costal angle of approximately 90 degrees indicate in a respiratory assessment?
What does a costal angle of approximately 90 degrees indicate in a respiratory assessment?
- Indicative of pectus excavatum
- An expected finding in a patient with a barrel chest
- Observed in patients with kyphosis
- A normal finding in a healthy adult (correct)
What happens to the costal angle when the rib cage is chronically overinflated, as in emphysema?
What happens to the costal angle when the rib cage is chronically overinflated, as in emphysema?
During an assessment of an adult, what does unequal chest expansion indicate?
During an assessment of an adult, what does unequal chest expansion indicate?
What is the most likely condition associated with the presence of bronchophony during auscultation of the lungs?
What is the most likely condition associated with the presence of bronchophony during auscultation of the lungs?
Where are bronchovesicular breath sounds expected to be heard?
Where are bronchovesicular breath sounds expected to be heard?
What is the characteristic sound produced by air passing through narrowed bronchioles in severe asthma?
What is the characteristic sound produced by air passing through narrowed bronchioles in severe asthma?
What assessment is included when inspecting the anterior chest of an adult?
What assessment is included when inspecting the anterior chest of an adult?
Where would fine crackles most likely be noticed?
Where would fine crackles most likely be noticed?
What is the expected location of vesicular breath sounds?
What is the expected location of vesicular breath sounds?
What does a dull percussion note signal in the lungs?
What does a dull percussion note signal in the lungs?
What occurs when the bronchial tree is obstructed?
What occurs when the bronchial tree is obstructed?
What is the significance of retractions of the sternum and intercostal muscles in an infant?
What is the significance of retractions of the sternum and intercostal muscles in an infant?
What is a normal finding for bronchovesicular breath sounds in children up to age 5 or 6 years?
What is a normal finding for bronchovesicular breath sounds in children up to age 5 or 6 years?
What is not an expected finding in a 4-year-old child regarding crepitus palpation?
What is not an expected finding in a 4-year-old child regarding crepitus palpation?
What is not an expected finding in a 4-year-old child regarding diaphragmatic excursion?
What is not an expected finding in a 4-year-old child regarding diaphragmatic excursion?
What is not an expected finding in a 4-year-old child regarding respiratory rate?
What is not an expected finding in a 4-year-old child regarding respiratory rate?
What is not a priority when significant retractions of the sternum and intercostal muscles are present in an infant?
What is not a priority when significant retractions of the sternum and intercostal muscles are present in an infant?
What is the correct way to auscultate breath sounds?
What is the correct way to auscultate breath sounds?
What is crucial in auscultating the chest?
What is crucial in auscultating the chest?
What happens to the thorax with aging?
What happens to the thorax with aging?
How many lobes does the left lung consist of?
How many lobes does the left lung consist of?
Where is the apex of the lung located on the anterior chest?
Where is the apex of the lung located on the anterior chest?
What does the sternal angle mark the site of?
What does the sternal angle mark the site of?
What is a characteristic of paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?
What is a characteristic of paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?
Which muscles are the major muscles of respiration?
Which muscles are the major muscles of respiration?
Where is tactile fremitus most prominent?
Where is tactile fremitus most prominent?
What is fremitus caused by?
What is fremitus caused by?
What does a dull percussion note over a lung lobe most likely indicate?
What does a dull percussion note over a lung lobe most likely indicate?
What are normal lung findings characterized by?
What are normal lung findings characterized by?
Where do vesicular breath sounds occur?
Where do vesicular breath sounds occur?
What does symmetric chest expansion indicate?
What does symmetric chest expansion indicate?
Where is the major bronchi closest to the chest wall?
Where is the major bronchi closest to the chest wall?
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Study Notes
Respiratory Assessment Key Points
- The left lung consists of two lobes, and the right lung has three lobes.
- The apex of the lung on the anterior chest is located 3 to 4 cm above the inner third of the clavicles.
- The sternal angle marks the site of tracheal bifurcation into the right and left main bronchi.
- Normal lung findings include symmetric chest expansion, resonant percussion tones, vesicular breath sounds over the peripheral lung fields, muffled voice sounds, and no adventitious sounds.
- The major muscles of respiration are the diaphragm and intercostals.
- Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is characterized by being awakened from sleep with shortness of breath and the need to be upright to achieve comfort.
- Tactile fremitus is most prominent between the scapulae and around the sternum, where the major bronchi are closest to the chest wall.
- Fremitus is a palpable vibration caused by sounds generated from the larynx transmitted through patent bronchi and the lung parenchyma to the chest wall.
- A dull percussion note elicited over a lung lobe most likely results from increased density of lung tissue, as seen in pneumonia, pleural effusion, atelectasis, or a tumor.
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