Respiratory and Gastrointestinal System Drugs Quiz

Respiratory and Gastrointestinal System Drugs

• Upper Respiratory Disorders (Chapter 53): Common medications include antihistamines (diphenhydramine, cetirizine, loratadine), decongestants (pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine), antitussives (dextromethorphan, codeine), and expectorants (guaifenesin). Key concepts cover mechanisms of action, indications, side effects (drowsiness, increased blood pressure, potential abuse), and nursing considerations (proper use, side effect monitoring, non-pharmacological options).

• Lower Respiratory Disorders (Chapter 54): Bronchodilators (albuterol, salmeterol, ipratropium, theophylline), corticosteroids (beclomethasone, budesonide, fluticasone), leukotriene modifiers (montelukast), and mast cell stabilizers (cromolyn sodium) are used. Key concepts focus on short- vs. long-acting medications, proper inhaler technique, monitoring respiratory status, and patient education about adherence. Side effects include tachycardia, oral thrush, and liver dysfunction.

• Peptic Ulcer Disease (Chapter 55): Medications include antacids (aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide), H2 receptor antagonists (ranitidine, famotidine), proton pump inhibitors (PPIs; omeprazole, esomeprazole), and antibiotics for H. pylori (amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole). Key concepts cover mechanisms of action, indications (GERD, peptic ulcers), side effects (constipation, headache, antibiotic resistance), and nursing considerations (medication timing, side effect monitoring, lifestyle changes).

• Bowel Disorders (Chapter 56): Laxatives (bisacodyl, lactulose, polyethylene glycol), antidiarrheals (loperamide, bismuth subsalicylate), and antiemetics (ondansetron, metoclopramide) are used. Key concepts include diverse laxative types and their uses, diarrhea management, and prevention/treatment of nausea and vomiting. Side effects can include abdominal cramps, constipation, and extrapyramidal symptoms. Nursing considerations include monitoring bowel patterns, hydration and diet education, and managing side effects.

• Hepatic and Pancreatic Disorders (Chapter 57): Hepatic enzyme inhibitors (lactulose, for hepatic encephalopathy), and pancreatic enzyme replacements (pancrelipase) are commonly prescribed. Key concepts focus on enzyme replacement indications, liver function monitoring, and side effect management (diarrhea, GI upset).

• Nutritional Disorders (Chapter 58): Vitamins (vitamin D, vitamin B12), minerals (iron, calcium), enteral and parenteral nutrition are used. Key concepts cover deficiencies, supplementation guidelines, monitoring nutritional status, education, and management of complications from enteral/parenteral nutrition. Side effects include hypervitaminosis and GI upset (iron).

• Obesity (Chapter 59): Appetite suppressants (phentermine) and lipase inhibitors (orlistat) are used in weight management. Key concepts include mechanisms of action, indications, side effects (increased heart rate, GI disturbances), and patient education about diet, exercise, and managing expectations.

Cardiovascular and Renal System Drugs

• Hypertension (Chapter 42): Common medications include ACE inhibitors (lisinopril, enalapril), ARBs (losartan, valsartan), beta-blockers (metoprolol, atenolol), calcium channel blockers (amlodipine, diltiazem), and diuretics (furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide). Key concepts cover mechanisms of action for lowering blood pressure, indications (hypertension, heart failure), potential side effects (cough, hyperkalemia, bradycardia, edema, electrolyte imbalances), and nursing considerations (blood pressure monitoring, lifestyle change education, and side effect management).

• Heart Failure (Chapter 43): ACE inhibitors (lisinopril), beta-blockers (metoprolol), diuretics (furosemide), and cardiac glycosides (digoxin) are used. Key concepts cover heart failure management, monitoring for therapeutic effects and side effects (digoxin toxicity, electrolyte imbalances), patient education, and fluid balance management.

• Angina and Myocardial Infarction (Chapter 44): Nitrates (nitroglycerin), beta-blockers (metoprolol), calcium channel blockers (amlodipine), and antiplatelet agents (aspirin, clopidogrel) are used to alleviate chest pain and prevent heart attacks. Key concepts include mechanisms of action for pain relief and prevention, indications, side effects (hypotension, bleeding), patient education, and lifestyle modification advice.

• Dysrhythmias (Chapter 45): Sodium channel blockers (lidocaine), beta-blockers (propranolol), potassium channel blockers (amiodarone), and calcium channel blockers (verapamil) are used to correct heart rhythm problems. Key concepts focus on mechanisms of action, indications, side effects (bradycardia, hypotension, pulmonary toxicity from amiodarone), monitoring (ECG), patient education, and side effect management.

• Coagulation Disorders (Chapter 46): Anticoagulants (warfarin, heparin), antiplatelet agents (aspirin, clopidogrel), and thrombolytics (alteplase) are used to prevent and treat blood clots in DVT, PE, and stroke prevention. Key concepts include mechanisms of action, indications, side effects (bleeding), and monitoring for bleeding complications.

• Lipid Disorders (Chapter 47): Statins, fibrates, bile acid sequestrants, and cholesterol absorption inhibitors are used for hyperlipidemia management. Key concepts cover mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and patient education on managing high cholesterol.

• Renal Failure (Chapter 50): Diuretics, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, and phosphate binders are used. Key concepts focus on managing renal failure, monitoring for therapeutic effects and side effects, and patient education.

• Fluid and Electrolyte Balance (Chapter 51): IV fluids, electrolytes, and diuretics are used to address imbalances. Key concepts include indications for replacement, monitoring for imbalances, and managing complications.

• Acid-Base Balance (Chapter 52): Sodium bicarbonate, potassium chloride, and ammonium chloride are used for acid-base disorder management. Key concepts cover disorder management, monitoring therapeutic effects and side effects, and patient education.