Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Diseases Quiz

Respiratory Diseases

• Asthma

  • Chronic condition causing airway inflammation and narrowing.
  • Symptoms: wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, chest tightness.
  • Triggers: allergens, exercise, cold air, pollutants.

• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

  • Includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
  • Causes: long-term smoking, exposure to irritants.
  • Symptoms: chronic cough, mucus production, breathing difficulty.

• Pneumonia

  • Infection leading to inflammation in the lungs.
  • Causes: bacteria, viruses, fungi.
  • Symptoms: cough, fever, chills, difficulty breathing.

• Tuberculosis (TB)

  • Bacterial infection primarily affecting the lungs.
  • Symptoms: persistent cough, chest pain, weight loss, night sweats.
  • Spread through airborne droplets.

Gastrointestinal Diseases

• Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

  • Chronic digestive condition causing acid reflux.
  • Symptoms: heartburn, regurgitation, difficulty swallowing.
  • Risk factors: obesity, smoking, diet.

• Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

  • Functional gastrointestinal disorder with abdominal pain and altered bowel habits.
  • Symptoms: cramping, bloating, diarrhea, constipation.
  • Triggers: certain foods, stress.

• Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

  • Includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.
  • Causes: autoimmune reaction causing inflammation in the GI tract.
  • Symptoms: abdominal pain, diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss.

• Cirrhosis

  • Progressive liver disease leading to liver scarring.
  • Causes: chronic alcohol use, hepatitis, fatty liver disease.
  • Symptoms: fatigue, weakness, jaundice, itching.

Musculoskeletal Disorders

• Osteoarthritis

  • Degenerative joint disease causing cartilage breakdown.
  • Symptoms: joint pain, stiffness, swelling.
  • Risk factors: age, obesity, previous joint injuries.

• Rheumatoid Arthritis

  • Autoimmune disorder causing joint inflammation.
  • Symptoms: painful swelling, joint deformity, fatigue.
  • Affects joints bilaterally.

• Osteoporosis

  • Bone disease leading to increased fracture risk.
  • Risk factors: aging, hormonal changes, sedentary lifestyle.
  • Often asymptomatic until fractures occur.

• Fibromyalgia

  • Chronic condition causing widespread pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbances.
  • Symptoms: severe muscle pain, tenderness, cognitive difficulties.
  • Causes: unknown, often associated with stress and anxiety.

Cardiovascular Diseases

• Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

  • Obstruction of coronary arteries due to plaque buildup.
  • Symptoms: chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, heart attack.
  • Risk factors: smoking, high cholesterol, hypertension.

• Hypertension

  • Chronic condition of elevated blood pressure.
  • Causes: genetic factors, aging, diet.
  • May lead to heart disease, stroke, kidney damage.

• Heart Failure

  • Condition where the heart cannot pump sufficient blood.
  • Symptoms: shortness of breath, fatigue, fluid retention.
  • Causes: CAD, hypertension, previous heart attacks.

• Stroke

  • Interruption of blood supply to the brain.
  • Types: ischemic (blockage) and hemorrhagic (bleeding).
  • Symptoms: sudden numbness, confusion, difficulty speaking, loss of balance.

Respiratory Diseases

• Asthma is a chronic condition causing airway inflammation and narrowing, leading to symptoms like wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. Common triggers include allergens, exercise, cold air, and pollutants.

• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) encompasses emphysema and chronic bronchitis. It's primarily caused by long-term smoking and exposure to irritants, resulting in chronic cough, mucus production, and breathing difficulty.

• Pneumonia is an infection causing lung inflammation. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi, leading to symptoms like cough, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing.

• Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection primarily affecting the lungs. It's characterized by persistent cough, chest pain, weight loss, and night sweats. TB spreads through airborne droplets.

  Gastrointestinal Diseases

• Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a chronic digestive condition leading to acid reflux. It causes symptoms like heartburn, regurgitation, and difficulty swallowing. Common risk factors include obesity, smoking, and diet.

• Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. It causes cramping, bloating, diarrhea, and constipation. Triggers for IBS symptoms can include certain foods and stress.

• Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) encompasses Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. It is caused by an autoimmune reaction causing inflammation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, leading to abdominal pain, diarrhea, fatigue, and weight loss.

• Cirrhosis is a progressive liver disease characterized by liver scarring. It can be caused by chronic alcohol use, hepatitis, and fatty liver disease. It causes fatigue, weakness, jaundice, and itching.

Musculoskeletal Disorders

• Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease leading to cartilage breakdown. It's characterized by joint pain, stiffness, and swelling. Risk factors include age, obesity, and previous joint injuries.
• Rheumatoid Arthritis is an autoimmune disorder causing joint inflammation. It causes painful swelling, joint deformity, and fatigue. It typically affects joints bilaterally.
• Osteoporosis is a bone disease resulting in increased fracture risk. It's often asymptomatic until fractures occur. Risk factors include aging, hormonal changes, and a sedentary lifestyle.
• Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition characterized by widespread pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbances. It causes severe muscle pain, tenderness, and cognitive difficulties. While the exact cause is unknown, it is often associated with stress and anxiety.

Cardiovascular Diseases

• Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is characterized by obstruction of coronary arteries due to plaque buildup. It can cause chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, and heart attack. Risk factors include smoking, high cholesterol, and hypertension.
• Hypertension is a chronic condition of elevated blood pressure. It can be caused by genetic factors, aging, and diet. Over time, hypertension can lead to heart disease, stroke, and kidney damage.
• Heart Failure occurs when the heart cannot pump sufficient blood. It's characterized by shortness of breath, fatigue, and fluid retention. Common causes include CAD, hypertension, and previous heart attacks.
• Stroke is an interruption of blood supply to the brain. There are two types: ischemic (blockage) and hemorrhagic (bleeding). Stroke symptoms include sudden numbness, confusion, difficulty speaking, and loss of balance.

Test your knowledge on common respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases. This quiz covers conditions such as asthma, COPD, pneumonia, tuberculosis, and GERD, detailing their causes, symptoms, and risk factors. Challenge yourself to see how well you understand these health issues.