123 Questions
What is the primary function of the capillaries in the cardiovascular system?
To facilitate gas exchange between atmospheric air and blood
During which step of oxygenation does the cardiovascular system play a crucial role?
Perfusion
What is the direction of blood flow in arteries?
Away from the heart
What is the primary function of ventilation in the oxygenation process?
To move gases into and out of the lungs
How many chambers are present in the heart?
4
Which of the following heart valves is responsible for separating the left atrium from the left ventricle?
Mitral valve
What is the primary function of the sinoatrial node in the heart?
To initiate electrical impulses for heart contraction
Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
Pulmonary veins
What is the role of hemoglobin in red blood cells?
To carry oxygen from the lungs to the body
Which heart structure transmits electrical impulses from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles?
Bundle of His
What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system in oxygenation?
To pump oxygenated blood to body tissues
What would happen to the body without the heart's pumping action?
The body would experience decreased oxygenation
What is the primary site of gas exchange in the oxygenation process?
The lungs
What is the role of the respiratory system in oxygenation?
To facilitate the diffusion of gases in the lungs
What type of blood is returned to the heart and lungs?
Deoxygenated blood
What is the primary reason for decreased ventilation in older patients with oxygenation problems?
Decreased air exchange and accumulation of secretions in lungs
Why do older patients require accessory muscles during expiration?
Due to weaker lung recoil and muscles
What is the effect of fibrous tissue in alveoli on oxygenation in older patients?
Decreases gas exchange
How does altered pain sensation in older patients impact their oxygenation?
Decreases their ability to detect respiratory problems
What is the impact of decreased cardiac output on older patients with oxygenation problems?
Decreases their ability to respond to stress
What is the potential consequence of scoliosis on respiratory function?
Air trapping
Which of the following correlations has been observed?
Between obesity and chronic bronchitis
What happens to the elasticity of tissues with aging?
It decreases
What is the effect of certain medications on the medullary respiratory center?
It depresses respiration
What is a consequence of decreased activity and aging on the heart?
Stiff heart valves and decreased overall heart function
Which environmental factor increases the risk of lung cancer?
Air pollution in cities
What is a psychological factor that can lead to bronchial asthma?
Anxiety
Which of the following is a cultural factor that can affect health?
Encouragement or discouragement of healthy habits
What is a consequence of sedentary lifestyle?
Increased risk of many problems
Which of the following is a common risk factor for many health problems?
Sedentary lifestyle
What is the primary purpose of assessing the patient's general appearance during a cardiopulmonary assessment?
To identify signs of anxiety or distress
What is the significance of assessing the patient's mucous membrane during a cardiopulmonary assessment?
To detect signs of pallor or cyanosis
What is the primary purpose of assessing the patient's chest during a cardiopulmonary assessment?
To detect signs of retractions or asymmetry
What is the significance of assessing the patient's pulses during a cardiopulmonary assessment?
To assess the patient's peripheral perfusion
What is the primary diagnosis related to imbalance between oxygen supply and demand?
Activity intolerance
What is the primary risk factor identified in the patient's cardiopulmonary assessment?
Tobacco use
What is the primary goal of the planning phase in the nursing process?
Generate solutions to the patient's problems
What is the primary focus of the implementation phase in the nursing process?
Taking action to promote optimal function
What is the primary purpose of the evaluation phase in the nursing process?
Evaluating the effectiveness of the interventions
What is an example of a specific, measurable goal in the planning phase?
Patient will ambulate 20 feet without becoming short of breath in 48 hours
What is the primary purpose of setting priorities in the planning phase?
To determine which goal is most important
What is the characteristic of wheezes in abnormal lung sounds?
Continuous, musical, and heard through constricted airways
What is the probable cause of rhonchi in a patient?
Moving mucus around when coughing
What is the characteristic of crackles or rales in abnormal lung sounds?
Discontinuous, soft, and heard during inspiration
What is the probable cause of a heart murmur in a patient?
Improper valve closure in the heart
What is the common characteristic of abnormal lung sounds?
They are all produced by abnormal airway resistance
What is the characteristic of rhonchi in abnormal lung sounds?
Low-pitched, continuous sounds
What is the primary cause of wheezes in abnormal lung sounds?
Swelling, narrowing, or secretions in the airways
What is the characteristic of crackles or rales in abnormal lung sounds?
Soft, high-pitched, discontinuous sounds
What is the primary cause of a heart murmur?
Improper valve closure in the heart
What is the characteristic of abnormal lung sounds in general?
Varied, depending on the underlying cause
What is the primary nursing intervention to improve impaired gas exchange due to tobacco use?
Promoting proper breathing through pursed lip breathing
What is the primary outcome of independent nursing interventions in patients with impaired gas exchange?
Improved oxygen saturation levels
Which nursing diagnosis is most relevant to a patient with a history of tobacco use?
Impaired Gas Exchange
What is the primary focus of patient education in patients with impaired gas exchange due to tobacco use?
Lifestyle modification
Which of the following is a benefit of providing supplemental oxygen therapy to patients with impaired gas exchange?
Improved oxygen saturation levels
What is the primary purpose of using an incentive spirometer in patients with oxygenation problems?
To promote diaphragmatic breathing
What is the primary advantage of using a nonrebreather mask over a simple mask for supplemental oxygen therapy?
It delivers higher oxygen concentrations
What is the primary rationale for positioning a patient at 45 degrees to promote oxygenation?
To facilitate coughing and airflow
What is the primary difference between a partial rebreather mask and a nonrebreather mask?
The level of rebreathing of exhaled air
What is the primary purpose of promoting coughing in patients with oxygenation problems?
To move secretions and clear airways
What is the primary function of the mitral and tricuspid valves during cardiac auscultation?
To produce the S1 heart sound during ventricular contraction
Which of the following heart sounds is produced by the rapid filling of the ventricles during early diastole?
S3
What is the characteristic of a systolic murmur during cardiac auscultation?
Occurs during ventricular contraction
Which of the following cardiac conditions can be diagnosed by auscultation with a holosystolic murmur at the apex?
Mitral regurgitation
What is a limitation of cardiac auscultation in patients with obesity?
Excess tissue can make it difficult to hear heart sounds
What is the primary purpose of comparing heart sounds between the left and right sides of the chest during cardiac auscultation?
To localize the origin of heart sounds
What is the primary purpose of setting priorities in the planning phase?
To identify the most important goal
What is an example of a specific, measurable goal in the planning phase?
Patient will be able to walk 20 feet without feeling tired
What is the primary benefit of coordinating with other healthcare professionals in the planning phase?
To improve communication and ensure continuity of care
What is the primary focus of goal setting in the planning phase?
Developing a care plan that meets the patient's needs
What is the primary role of the patient and family in the planning phase?
To develop the care plan with healthcare professionals
What is the primary focus of the Implementation phase in the nursing process?
Taking action to promote optimal function
What is the significance of patient education in patients with impaired gas exchange due to tobacco use?
To promote healthy lifestyle modifications
What is the primary benefit of coordinating with other healthcare professionals in the planning phase?
To develop a comprehensive plan of care
What is the primary purpose of promoting coughing in patients with oxygenation problems?
To improve oxygenation
What is the primary role of the patient and family in the planning phase?
To participate in goal setting
What is the primary purpose of providing humidified air in patients with oxygenation problems?
To promote expectoration of mucus
What is the primary benefit of maintaining adequate fluid intake in patients with oxygenation problems?
To thin out mucus and keep airways moist
What is the primary goal of positioning patients with oxygenation problems in a comfortable position?
To improve the patient's lung expansion
What is the primary reason for taking action to promote comfort in patients with oxygenation problems?
To reduce anxiety and stress
What is the primary benefit of implementing a plan to maintain adequate fluid intake in patients with oxygenation problems?
To reduce the risk of dehydration
What is the primary reason for monitoring potassium levels in patients administered furosemide?
To prevent hypokalemia and its effects on heart function
Why is it essential to monitor the patient's weight daily when administered furosemide?
To monitor the effectiveness of the diuretic and fluid loss
What is the primary indicator that the patient is receiving too much furosemide?
Thirst, dry mouth, lethargy, weakness, hypotension, or oliguria
What is the primary purpose of administering furosemide to a patient with hypertension?
To reduce the patient's blood pressure
What should the nurse monitor during furosemide administration to prevent adverse effects?
All of the above
What is the primary reason for assessing lung sounds in a patient administered furosemide?
To assess the presence of crackles and their resolution
What is the primary indication for administering metoprolol to a patient?
To control hypertension
Why is it important to monitor the patient's BP and HR before administering metoprolol?
To monitor for adverse reactions
What is the significance of 'XL' in Toprol XL?
It indicates the medication is an extended-release formulation
What should the nurse do if the patient is experiencing symptoms of hypotension and bradycardia after taking metoprolol?
Hold the medication and call the physician
Why should metoprolol not be crushed?
It may lead to a rapid release of the entire dose
What is the primary mechanism of action of Lisinopril in reducing blood pressure?
By relaxing cardiac arterial smooth muscle
Which of the following patients is at a higher risk of developing complications when taking Lisinopril?
A patient with chronic kidney disease
What is the primary reason for monitoring blood pressure in patients taking Lisinopril?
To monitor for the effectiveness of the medication in reducing blood pressure
What is the benefit of Lisinopril in patients with heart failure?
It increases blood flow to the heart
Why is it essential to monitor renal function in patients taking Lisinopril?
To monitor for kidney damage and adjust the dosage accordingly
What is the primary effect of guaifenesin on respiratory system?
Reduces viscosity of respiratory system
What type of cough is produced by guaifenesin?
Wet or productive cough
What is the primary administration instruction for guaifenesin?
Take with a large amount of fluid
What type of lung sound is guaifenesin effective for?
Rhonchi
What is NOT a benefit of guaifenesin?
Suppresses cough
What is the primary action of Dextromethorpha n on the cough reflex?
Suppresses the cough reflex by a direct action on the cough center in the medulla of the brain
Why is Dextromethorpha n not recommended for patients with restrictive airway diseases like asthma?
It closes the airways, reducing oxygenation
What type of cough is Dextromethorpha n effective for?
Nonproductive cough with no mucus production
Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of Dextromethorpha n?
Patients with asthma
What is the primary mechanism of action of Dextromethorpha n?
It suppresses the cough reflex by a direct action on the cough center in the medulla of the brain
What is the primary benefit of using albuterol as a rescue inhaler?
To immediately open airways during an asthma attack
What is the primary mechanism by which albuterol relaxes smooth muscles of the bronchioles?
By binding to beta-2 receptors
What is the primary purpose of educating patients about the side effects of albuterol?
To increase patient adherence to medication regimens
What is the primary advantage of using a metered dose inhaler to administer albuterol?
It provides a more precise dose of medication
What is the primary indication for using albuterol as a rescue inhaler?
To manage asthma attacks
What is the primary reason why prednisone should be tapered off gradually?
To prevent rebound symptoms in patients with bronchitis
What is the main purpose of assessing for infection risk in patients taking prednisone?
To minimize the risk of infection by reducing inflammation
Why is it essential to educate patients about dosing when taking prednisone?
To promote adherence to the prescribed dosage regimen
What is the primary mechanism by which prednisone reduces inflammation?
By reducing the production of inflammatory mediators
What is the primary benefit of using prednisone in patients with COPD?
Reduction of inflammation in the airways
What is the primary benefit of Fluticasone/Salmeterol (Advair) in patients with asthma and COPD?
Decreases inflammation of the bronchioles and relaxes the smooth muscles
What is the primary indication for the use of Fluticasone/Salmeterol (Advair)?
Maintenance therapy for patients with asthma and COPD
What is the primary reason why patients should rinse their mouth after using Fluticasone/Salmeterol (Advair)?
To reduce the risk of oral candidiasis
What is the primary mechanism of action of the Salmeterol component in Fluticasone/Salmeterol (Advair)?
Relaxes the smooth muscles of the bronchioles
What is the primary advantage of using Fluticasone/Salmeterol (Advair) as a dry powder inhaler?
It is easier to administer than a metered-dose inhaler
Learn about the principles of respiratory and cardiovascular anatomy and physiology, including the steps of oxygenation, ventilation, diffusion, and perfusion. Understand the structure and function of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
