Respiratory and Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the capillaries in the cardiovascular system?

  • To facilitate gas exchange between atmospheric air and blood (correct)
  • To pump oxygenated blood to the tissues
  • To transport deoxygenated blood back to the heart
  • To regulate blood pressure through vasoconstriction

    • During which step of oxygenation does the cardiovascular system play a crucial role?

  • Perfusion (correct)
  • Ventilation
  • Diffusion
  • Respiration

    • What is the direction of blood flow in arteries?

  • Away from the heart (correct)
  • Throughout the entire body
  • Towards the heart
  • In a circular motion

    • What is the primary function of ventilation in the oxygenation process?

    <p>To move gases into and out of the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many chambers are present in the heart?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following heart valves is responsible for separating the left atrium from the left ventricle?

    <p>Mitral valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the sinoatrial node in the heart?

    <p>To initiate electrical impulses for heart contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

    <p>Pulmonary veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

    <p>To carry oxygen from the lungs to the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which heart structure transmits electrical impulses from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles?

    <p>Bundle of His</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system in oxygenation?

    <p>To pump oxygenated blood to body tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would happen to the body without the heart's pumping action?

    <p>The body would experience decreased oxygenation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of gas exchange in the oxygenation process?

    <p>The lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the respiratory system in oxygenation?

    <p>To facilitate the diffusion of gases in the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of blood is returned to the heart and lungs?

    <p>Deoxygenated blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for decreased ventilation in older patients with oxygenation problems?

    <p>Decreased air exchange and accumulation of secretions in lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do older patients require accessory muscles during expiration?

    <p>Due to weaker lung recoil and muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of fibrous tissue in alveoli on oxygenation in older patients?

    <p>Decreases gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does altered pain sensation in older patients impact their oxygenation?

    <p>Decreases their ability to detect respiratory problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of decreased cardiac output on older patients with oxygenation problems?

    <p>Decreases their ability to respond to stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential consequence of scoliosis on respiratory function?

    <p>Air trapping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correlations has been observed?

    <p>Between obesity and chronic bronchitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the elasticity of tissues with aging?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of certain medications on the medullary respiratory center?

    <p>It depresses respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of decreased activity and aging on the heart?

    <p>Stiff heart valves and decreased overall heart function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environmental factor increases the risk of lung cancer?

    <p>Air pollution in cities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a psychological factor that can lead to bronchial asthma?

    <p>Anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a cultural factor that can affect health?

    <p>Encouragement or discouragement of healthy habits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of sedentary lifestyle?

    <p>Increased risk of many problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common risk factor for many health problems?

    <p>Sedentary lifestyle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of assessing the patient's general appearance during a cardiopulmonary assessment?

    <p>To identify signs of anxiety or distress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of assessing the patient's mucous membrane during a cardiopulmonary assessment?

    <p>To detect signs of pallor or cyanosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of assessing the patient's chest during a cardiopulmonary assessment?

    <p>To detect signs of retractions or asymmetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of assessing the patient's pulses during a cardiopulmonary assessment?

    <p>To assess the patient's peripheral perfusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary diagnosis related to imbalance between oxygen supply and demand?

    <p>Activity intolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary risk factor identified in the patient's cardiopulmonary assessment?

    <p>Tobacco use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the planning phase in the nursing process?

    <p>Generate solutions to the patient's problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the implementation phase in the nursing process?

    <p>Taking action to promote optimal function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the evaluation phase in the nursing process?

    <p>Evaluating the effectiveness of the interventions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a specific, measurable goal in the planning phase?

    <p>Patient will ambulate 20 feet without becoming short of breath in 48 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of setting priorities in the planning phase?

    <p>To determine which goal is most important</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of wheezes in abnormal lung sounds?

    <p>Continuous, musical, and heard through constricted airways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the probable cause of rhonchi in a patient?

    <p>Moving mucus around when coughing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of crackles or rales in abnormal lung sounds?

    <p>Discontinuous, soft, and heard during inspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the probable cause of a heart murmur in a patient?

    <p>Improper valve closure in the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common characteristic of abnormal lung sounds?

    <p>They are all produced by abnormal airway resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of rhonchi in abnormal lung sounds?

    <p>Low-pitched, continuous sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of wheezes in abnormal lung sounds?

    <p>Swelling, narrowing, or secretions in the airways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of crackles or rales in abnormal lung sounds?

    <p>Soft, high-pitched, discontinuous sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of a heart murmur?

    <p>Improper valve closure in the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of abnormal lung sounds in general?

    <p>Varied, depending on the underlying cause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary nursing intervention to improve impaired gas exchange due to tobacco use?

    <p>Promoting proper breathing through pursed lip breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of independent nursing interventions in patients with impaired gas exchange?

    <p>Improved oxygen saturation levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nursing diagnosis is most relevant to a patient with a history of tobacco use?

    <p>Impaired Gas Exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of patient education in patients with impaired gas exchange due to tobacco use?

    <p>Lifestyle modification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a benefit of providing supplemental oxygen therapy to patients with impaired gas exchange?

    <p>Improved oxygen saturation levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using an incentive spirometer in patients with oxygenation problems?

    <p>To promote diaphragmatic breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using a nonrebreather mask over a simple mask for supplemental oxygen therapy?

    <p>It delivers higher oxygen concentrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary rationale for positioning a patient at 45 degrees to promote oxygenation?

    <p>To facilitate coughing and airflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between a partial rebreather mask and a nonrebreather mask?

    <p>The level of rebreathing of exhaled air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of promoting coughing in patients with oxygenation problems?

    <p>To move secretions and clear airways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the mitral and tricuspid valves during cardiac auscultation?

    <p>To produce the S1 heart sound during ventricular contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following heart sounds is produced by the rapid filling of the ventricles during early diastole?

    <p>S3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a systolic murmur during cardiac auscultation?

    <p>Occurs during ventricular contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cardiac conditions can be diagnosed by auscultation with a holosystolic murmur at the apex?

    <p>Mitral regurgitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of cardiac auscultation in patients with obesity?

    <p>Excess tissue can make it difficult to hear heart sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of comparing heart sounds between the left and right sides of the chest during cardiac auscultation?

    <p>To localize the origin of heart sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of setting priorities in the planning phase?

    <p>To identify the most important goal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a specific, measurable goal in the planning phase?

    <p>Patient will be able to walk 20 feet without feeling tired</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of coordinating with other healthcare professionals in the planning phase?

    <p>To improve communication and ensure continuity of care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of goal setting in the planning phase?

    <p>Developing a care plan that meets the patient's needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the patient and family in the planning phase?

    <p>To develop the care plan with healthcare professionals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Implementation phase in the nursing process?

    <p>Taking action to promote optimal function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of patient education in patients with impaired gas exchange due to tobacco use?

    <p>To promote healthy lifestyle modifications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of coordinating with other healthcare professionals in the planning phase?

    <p>To develop a comprehensive plan of care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of promoting coughing in patients with oxygenation problems?

    <p>To improve oxygenation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the patient and family in the planning phase?

    <p>To participate in goal setting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of providing humidified air in patients with oxygenation problems?

    <p>To promote expectoration of mucus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of maintaining adequate fluid intake in patients with oxygenation problems?

    <p>To thin out mucus and keep airways moist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of positioning patients with oxygenation problems in a comfortable position?

    <p>To improve the patient's lung expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for taking action to promote comfort in patients with oxygenation problems?

    <p>To reduce anxiety and stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of implementing a plan to maintain adequate fluid intake in patients with oxygenation problems?

    <p>To reduce the risk of dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for monitoring potassium levels in patients administered furosemide?

    <p>To prevent hypokalemia and its effects on heart function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to monitor the patient's weight daily when administered furosemide?

    <p>To monitor the effectiveness of the diuretic and fluid loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indicator that the patient is receiving too much furosemide?

    <p>Thirst, dry mouth, lethargy, weakness, hypotension, or oliguria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of administering furosemide to a patient with hypertension?

    <p>To reduce the patient's blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nurse monitor during furosemide administration to prevent adverse effects?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for assessing lung sounds in a patient administered furosemide?

    <p>To assess the presence of crackles and their resolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for administering metoprolol to a patient?

    <p>To control hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to monitor the patient's BP and HR before administering metoprolol?

    <p>To monitor for adverse reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of 'XL' in Toprol XL?

    <p>It indicates the medication is an extended-release formulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nurse do if the patient is experiencing symptoms of hypotension and bradycardia after taking metoprolol?

    <p>Hold the medication and call the physician</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should metoprolol not be crushed?

    <p>It may lead to a rapid release of the entire dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of Lisinopril in reducing blood pressure?

    <p>By relaxing cardiac arterial smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following patients is at a higher risk of developing complications when taking Lisinopril?

    <p>A patient with chronic kidney disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for monitoring blood pressure in patients taking Lisinopril?

    <p>To monitor for the effectiveness of the medication in reducing blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of Lisinopril in patients with heart failure?

    <p>It increases blood flow to the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to monitor renal function in patients taking Lisinopril?

    <p>To monitor for kidney damage and adjust the dosage accordingly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of guaifenesin on respiratory system?

    <p>Reduces viscosity of respiratory system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cough is produced by guaifenesin?

    <p>Wet or productive cough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary administration instruction for guaifenesin?

    <p>Take with a large amount of fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lung sound is guaifenesin effective for?

    <p>Rhonchi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a benefit of guaifenesin?

    <p>Suppresses cough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of Dextromethorpha n on the cough reflex?

    <p>Suppresses the cough reflex by a direct action on the cough center in the medulla of the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Dextromethorpha n not recommended for patients with restrictive airway diseases like asthma?

    <p>It closes the airways, reducing oxygenation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cough is Dextromethorpha n effective for?

    <p>Nonproductive cough with no mucus production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of Dextromethorpha n?

    <p>Patients with asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of Dextromethorpha n?

    <p>It suppresses the cough reflex by a direct action on the cough center in the medulla of the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using albuterol as a rescue inhaler?

    <p>To immediately open airways during an asthma attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which albuterol relaxes smooth muscles of the bronchioles?

    <p>By binding to beta-2 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of educating patients about the side effects of albuterol?

    <p>To increase patient adherence to medication regimens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using a metered dose inhaler to administer albuterol?

    <p>It provides a more precise dose of medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for using albuterol as a rescue inhaler?

    <p>To manage asthma attacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why prednisone should be tapered off gradually?

    <p>To prevent rebound symptoms in patients with bronchitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of assessing for infection risk in patients taking prednisone?

    <p>To minimize the risk of infection by reducing inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to educate patients about dosing when taking prednisone?

    <p>To promote adherence to the prescribed dosage regimen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which prednisone reduces inflammation?

    <p>By reducing the production of inflammatory mediators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using prednisone in patients with COPD?

    <p>Reduction of inflammation in the airways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of Fluticasone/Salmeterol (Advair) in patients with asthma and COPD?

    <p>Decreases inflammation of the bronchioles and relaxes the smooth muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for the use of Fluticasone/Salmeterol (Advair)?

    <p>Maintenance therapy for patients with asthma and COPD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why patients should rinse their mouth after using Fluticasone/Salmeterol (Advair)?

    <p>To reduce the risk of oral candidiasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of the Salmeterol component in Fluticasone/Salmeterol (Advair)?

    <p>Relaxes the smooth muscles of the bronchioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using Fluticasone/Salmeterol (Advair) as a dry powder inhaler?

    <p>It is easier to administer than a metered-dose inhaler</p> Signup and view all the answers

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