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Questions and Answers
What is the typical respiration rate range for a healthy adult?
What is the typical respiration rate range for a healthy adult?
A respiratory rate of 25 breaths per minute in a 10 year old child would be considered
A respiratory rate of 25 breaths per minute in a 10 year old child would be considered
A patient presents with a respiration rate of 10 RPM. Which term best describes this condition?
A patient presents with a respiration rate of 10 RPM. Which term best describes this condition?
When assessing a patient's respiration rate, what is the recommended method to avoid the patient consciously altering their breathing pattern?
When assessing a patient's respiration rate, what is the recommended method to avoid the patient consciously altering their breathing pattern?
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A dental hygienist needs to refer a patient to a physician when:
A dental hygienist needs to refer a patient to a physician when:
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Which of the following is NOT a typical location for measuring body temperature?
Which of the following is NOT a typical location for measuring body temperature?
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Which factor is least likely to cause fluctuations in body temperature?
Which factor is least likely to cause fluctuations in body temperature?
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A body temperature of 102.5 degrees F in an adult would most appropriately require what immediate action?
A body temperature of 102.5 degrees F in an adult would most appropriately require what immediate action?
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Which of these represents the temperature that is considered a medical emergency?
Which of these represents the temperature that is considered a medical emergency?
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Which of these is not considered a likely cause of low body temperature?
Which of these is not considered a likely cause of low body temperature?
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Which of these respiration rates would likely require immediate medical referral?
Which of these respiration rates would likely require immediate medical referral?
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What is the term used to describe a respiration rate that is faster than normal?
What is the term used to describe a respiration rate that is faster than normal?
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What is the typical range for a healthy adult's respiration rate?
What is the typical range for a healthy adult's respiration rate?
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During a routine dental hygiene appointment, a patient's respiration rate is assessed as 18 RPM. This would be considered:
During a routine dental hygiene appointment, a patient's respiration rate is assessed as 18 RPM. This would be considered:
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Which of these conditions is NOT directly related to an abnormal respiration rate?
Which of these conditions is NOT directly related to an abnormal respiration rate?
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When assessing a patient's vital signs, what is the most important initial step to ensure accurate measurements?
When assessing a patient's vital signs, what is the most important initial step to ensure accurate measurements?
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A patient’s baseline temperature is 97.9°F. During a current appointment, the measured temperature is 99.5°F. Which of these is the most appropriate action?
A patient’s baseline temperature is 97.9°F. During a current appointment, the measured temperature is 99.5°F. Which of these is the most appropriate action?
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A patient has a pulse rate of 110 beats per minute. What is the most appropriate next step?
A patient has a pulse rate of 110 beats per minute. What is the most appropriate next step?
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When recording vital signs, what is essential to include alongside the numerical measurements?
When recording vital signs, what is essential to include alongside the numerical measurements?
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If a patient consistently displays a blood pressure of 145/95 mmHg during several appointments, what action should be taken?
If a patient consistently displays a blood pressure of 145/95 mmHg during several appointments, what action should be taken?
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What does auscultation primarily utilize to determine vital signs during the assessment process?
What does auscultation primarily utilize to determine vital signs during the assessment process?
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When should a dental professional consider the patient’s pharmacologic history during a vital signs assessment?
When should a dental professional consider the patient’s pharmacologic history during a vital signs assessment?
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A patient presents with labored breathing, with a respiration rate of 30 breaths per minute. What action should be taken first?
A patient presents with labored breathing, with a respiration rate of 30 breaths per minute. What action should be taken first?
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Which temperature reading indicates a medical emergency?
Which temperature reading indicates a medical emergency?
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What is the normal range for body temperature in adults?
What is the normal range for body temperature in adults?
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Which factor is least likely to affect body temperature?
Which factor is least likely to affect body temperature?
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Which of the following sites is NOT commonly used for measuring body temperature?
Which of the following sites is NOT commonly used for measuring body temperature?
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What can a high body temperature in children indicate?
What can a high body temperature in children indicate?
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Flashcards
Respiration Rate
Respiration Rate
The number of breaths taken per minute, varies by age.
Normal Respiration Rates
Normal Respiration Rates
Normal range is 12-20 RPM for adults and 20-30 RPM for children.
Tachypnea
Tachypnea
A condition characterized by rapid breathing above 20 RPM.
Bradypnea
Bradypnea
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Respiration Assessment Technique
Respiration Assessment Technique
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Types of Thermometers
Types of Thermometers
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Body Temperature Measurement Sites
Body Temperature Measurement Sites
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Normal Body Temperature Range
Normal Body Temperature Range
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High Temperature Significance
High Temperature Significance
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Low Temperature Causes
Low Temperature Causes
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Vital Signs
Vital Signs
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Importance of Vital Signs
Importance of Vital Signs
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Body Temperature Assessment
Body Temperature Assessment
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Pulse Rate Measurement
Pulse Rate Measurement
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Respiration Rate Significance
Respiration Rate Significance
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Blood Pressure Assessment
Blood Pressure Assessment
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Techniques for Vital Signs
Techniques for Vital Signs
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Documenting Vital Signs
Documenting Vital Signs
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Respiration Assessment Importance
Respiration Assessment Importance
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Respiration Rate Measurement
Respiration Rate Measurement
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Normal Respiration Variations
Normal Respiration Variations
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Referral for Abnormal Rates
Referral for Abnormal Rates
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Comparing Baseline Measurements
Comparing Baseline Measurements
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Rationale for Vital Signs
Rationale for Vital Signs
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Body Temperature Significance
Body Temperature Significance
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Pulse Rate Importance
Pulse Rate Importance
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Respiration Rate Assessment
Respiration Rate Assessment
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Blood Pressure Significance
Blood Pressure Significance
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Maintaining Accurate Documentation
Maintaining Accurate Documentation
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Environmental Factors in Vital Signs
Environmental Factors in Vital Signs
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Factors Affecting Body Temperature
Factors Affecting Body Temperature
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Risk of Febrile Seizures
Risk of Febrile Seizures
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Medical Emergency Temperature
Medical Emergency Temperature
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Normal Temperature Variance
Normal Temperature Variance
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Study Notes
Chapter 14: Vital Signs
- Vital signs include temperature, pulse rate, respiration rate, and blood pressure
- Techniques used to determine vital signs are inspection, palpation, and auscultation
- Use properly functioning, appropriate equipment when measuring vital signs
- Be aware of the client's baseline measurements, health history, and any medications they are taking
- Minimize environmental factors potentially influencing the readings
- Approach the client with a calm and caring demeanor
- Use critical thinking to determine if the dentist needs to be notified about any significant issues
Week 11 Objectives
- Describe the importance of obtaining accurate vital signs from dental patients
- Demonstrate techniques for obtaining accurate vital signs
- Understand the patient record as a legal document & maintain accurate documentation
Lesson 14.1: Vital Signs
- Discuss vital signs and their role in potentially preventing medical emergencies
- Discuss the significance of body temperature; evaluate and document, and make decisions based on the reading
- Discuss the significance of pulse rate; evaluate and document, and make decisions based on the reading
- Discuss the significance of respiration rate; evaluate and document, and make decisions based on the reading
- Discuss the significance of blood pressure; evaluate and document, and make decisions based on the reading
Vital Signs: Acceptable Ranges for Adults
- Temperature: Range 36° C to 38° C (96.8° F to 100.4° F). Average oral/tympanic: 37° C (98.6° F). Average axillary: 36.5° C (97.7° F)
- Pulse: 60 to 100 beats per minute. Average: 80 beats per minute
- Respirations: 12 to 20 breaths per minute
- Blood Pressure: <120/<80 mm Hg
Assessment of Body Temperature
- Assess and record temperature readings
- Recognize significant findings needing care planning and medical referrals to ensure patient safety
- Compare baseline measurements to current readings; communicate significant changes to the client and dentist
Thermometers
- Available types include mercury-in-glass, electronic (digital), tympanic membrane (ear), and oral/axillary disposable single-use
Body Temperature Measurement Sites
- Oral, Ear, Rectal, Axilla, Forehead are sites for measuring body temperature
Body Temperature Factors
- Factors influencing body temperature include exercise, hormonal imbalances, ovulation/menopause, time of day, environment, age, smoking, stress, infection, tachypnea, and hot/cold liquids
Decision Making Based on Observed Temperature
- High temperature usually indicates an infection
- Young children at risk of febrile seizures with fever exceeding 101.8° F
- If temperature exceeds 102.2° F, evaluate for infection
- A temperature of 105.8° F is a medical emergency
- Low temperature causes include cold exposure, endocrine disorders, sepsis, alcohol intake, eating disorders, and neurological/neuromuscular disorders
Pulse
- Indicator of cardiovascular system integrity
- Tachycardia: >100 beats per minute (abnormally elevated heart rate; normal response to stress/exercise)
- Bradycardia: <60 beats per minute (abnormally slow heart rate; athletes may experience this at rest)
Pulse Measurement Sites
- Most common: radial pulse (thumb side of inner wrist)
- Clinicians use fingertips of first two fingers
- Carotid pulse (side of neck): Alternative site
Decision Making Based on Observed Pulse Rate
- <60 BPM or >100 BPM: Evaluate for cause. Refer if needed or consult with patient's physician if cause cannot be determined
- Occasional PVCs (premature ventricular contractions) common (caused by smoking, fatigue, medications, stress, caffeine, alcohol)
- Pulsus alternans may indicate ventricular failure
What Factors Influence the Pulse Rate?
- Exercise
- Temperature
- Emotions and stress
- Medications
- Hemorrhage
- Postural Changes
- Pulmonary Conditions
Recording the Pulse Rate
- Pulse recorded in beats per minute (BPM). 30 seconds x 2 or 1 full minute.
- Heart rhythm (regular/irregular)
- Pulse quality (thready, strong, bounding or weak)
- Pulse equality (palpate radial pulse on both right and left sides simultaneously)
Pulse Equality
- Palpate radial pulse on both wrists simultaneously to assess equality
- Unequal pulse force can indicate obstructions or aortic coarctation in some cases
Measuring the Radial Pulse
- Shows the strength of blood flow
Acceptable Ranges of Heart Rate (Pulse)
- Infants: 120-160 bpm
- Toddlers: 90-140 bpm
- Preschoolers:80-110 bpm
- School-age children: 75-100 bpm
- Adolescents: 60-100 bpm
- Adults: 60-100 bpm
Assessing Respiration
- Assess and record respiration rate
- Assess implications and initiate referrals for care planning if needed
- Compare current findings to baseline and communicate changes with client/dentist
Respiration Rate
- Assessed by counting the rise/fall of the chest per minute (RPM)
- Normal adult range: 12-20 RPM
- Children's range: 20-30 RPM
- Age may affect respiration rate
Decision Making Based on Respiration Rate
- Tachypnea: Rapid breathing (>20 RPM)
- Bradypnea: Slow breathing (may occur with diabetic coma)
- If respiration rate is abnormal, refer patient to physician
Taking the Respiration Rate
- Practice taking respiration rate by observing chest rise/fall without disturbing the patient
- Record the respiration rate
Taking the Different Vital Signs: Blood Pressure
- Assess and record blood pressure
- Assess implications, initiate referrals if needed
- Compare current findings to baseline; communicate changes with client/dentist
Blood Pressure (BP)
- Force exerted on arterial walls during heart contraction
- Chronic hypertension: Thicken/loss of elasticity in arterial wall (potential for heart attack, heart failure, stroke, and kidney disease)
- Hypotension: No adverse effects unless patient in shock or has condition that lowers blood pressure.
Blood Pressure (BP) (cont'd)
- Systolic: Maximum pressure in vessels during ventricular contraction (recorded as first audible sound)
- Diastolic: Minimum pressure during ventricular relaxation (recorded as last audible sound)
Factors Affecting Blood Pressure
- Age and race
- Certain diseases
- Weight and diet
- Gender
- Stress
- Pain
- Oral contraceptives and medications
- Exercise
- Time of day
- Tobacco
- Caffeine
- Alcohol Use
Decision Making Based on Observed Blood Pressure
- Hypertension is a major cause of stroke and myocardial infarction
- Patients with elevated blood pressure are generally ineligible for drug therapy
- Determine if patient's blood pressure is unknown; obtain baseline blood pressure if necessary
- Exercise caution with uncontrolled hypertensive patients before surgical procedures
Blood Pressure Equipment
- Sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff)
- Consists of a pressure measurement device, inflatable cuff (wraps around arm/leg)
- Stethoscope: Amplifies sound (2 earpieces, tubing, chestpiece)
- Electronic over-the-counter-type manometer (determines blood pressure automatically, used at home)
PMI's Dental Hygiene Clinic Treatment Guidelines
- Pulse guidelines
- Respiration guidelines
- Temperature guidelines
- Blood pressure guidelines
- Dental treatment with hypertension protocol
- Diabetes protocol
When to Take Vital Signs
- Every 3-4-6-12 month appointment.
- Significant change in health history
- Readings outside typical limits, monitoring by physician
- Medications
- Conditions that require ongoing monitoring (ex: pregnancy)
Blood Pressure Equipment Measurement
- Sphygmomanometer
- Stethoscope
- Electronic over-the-counter type manometer
Blood Pressure Classification for Adults
- Normal
- Prehypertension
- Hypertension Stage 1
Guidelines for Proper Blood Pressure Cuff Sizing
- Measure arm length and width
Korotkoff Phases
- Phases during blood pressure measurement (1-5 phases where sound is heard)
Legal, Ethical, and Safety Issues Concerning Recording Vital Signs
- Record vital signs on treatment records
- Refer to physician as needed.
- Disinfect stethoscope
- Never treat patients with ASA III classification risks
- "Do no harm"
- Tolerant of diverse client cultures
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Description
Test your knowledge on normal respiration rates for different age groups and conditions. This quiz covers scenarios such as typical rates for healthy adults, assessments for children, and clinical considerations in patient referrals. Challenge yourself to understand the nuances of respiratory health.
