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Questions and Answers
What type of respiration involves the complete oxidation of glucose, resulting in carbon dioxide, water, and a large amount of energy?
What type of respiration involves the complete oxidation of glucose, resulting in carbon dioxide, water, and a large amount of energy?
Aerobic respiration
What are the air sacs at the end of bronchioles in the lungs called, where gas exchange occurs?
What are the air sacs at the end of bronchioles in the lungs called, where gas exchange occurs?
Alveoli
What is the name of the disease where the airways become very sensitive and close up, making breathing difficult?
What is the name of the disease where the airways become very sensitive and close up, making breathing difficult?
Asthma
What are the narrow branching tubes in the lungs called?
What are the narrow branching tubes in the lungs called?
What is each of the two main divisions of the trachea as it branches into the right and left lungs called?
What is each of the two main divisions of the trachea as it branches into the right and left lungs called?
What gas is produced by respiration that our lungs need to excrete?
What gas is produced by respiration that our lungs need to excrete?
What stiffens the trachea to prevent it from collapsing when we inhale?
What stiffens the trachea to prevent it from collapsing when we inhale?
What are the small projections from the surface of cells lining the airways that sweep mucus up from the lungs called?
What are the small projections from the surface of cells lining the airways that sweep mucus up from the lungs called?
What is the muscular floor to the chest that lowers when it contracts, increasing the volume of the chest cavity?
What is the muscular floor to the chest that lowers when it contracts, increasing the volume of the chest cavity?
What is the movement of a substance from a region of high to low concentration called, which facilitates gas exchange in the lungs?
What is the movement of a substance from a region of high to low concentration called, which facilitates gas exchange in the lungs?
What is released by respiration and can be converted from one kind to another but is never destroyed?
What is released by respiration and can be converted from one kind to another but is never destroyed?
What is the flap of skin that closes off the trachea when you swallow to prevent choking?
What is the flap of skin that closes off the trachea when you swallow to prevent choking?
What is the elimination of waste substances from the body called?
What is the elimination of waste substances from the body called?
What is the term for breathing out?
What is the term for breathing out?
What is the process by which oxygen is taken up and carbon dioxide excreted in the lungs or gills?
What is the process by which oxygen is taken up and carbon dioxide excreted in the lungs or gills?
What are the organs of gas exchange in fish called?
What are the organs of gas exchange in fish called?
What simple sugar is the most important source of energy in the body?
What simple sugar is the most important source of energy in the body?
What is the protein present in red blood cells that carries oxygen around the body?
What is the protein present in red blood cells that carries oxygen around the body?
What is the term for diseases affecting blood vessel function, often worsened by smoking, that can lead to heart attacks?
What is the term for diseases affecting blood vessel function, often worsened by smoking, that can lead to heart attacks?
What are the muscles between the ribs that contract to lift the ribs during inhalation called?
What are the muscles between the ribs that contract to lift the ribs during inhalation called?
What is the voice box, located at the top of the trachea, called?
What is the voice box, located at the top of the trachea, called?
What is the colourless indicator that turns milky in the presence of carbon dioxide due to calcium carbonate precipitate?
What is the colourless indicator that turns milky in the presence of carbon dioxide due to calcium carbonate precipitate?
What is the organ of gas exchange for air-breathing animals called?
What is the organ of gas exchange for air-breathing animals called?
What is the disease in which lung tissue uncontrollably grows due to mutations in the cells, often caused by chemicals in cigarette smoke?
What is the disease in which lung tissue uncontrollably grows due to mutations in the cells, often caused by chemicals in cigarette smoke?
What can be caused by particles from tobacco smoke or dust from industrial processes, leading to white blood cells destroying tissue and causing emphysema?
What can be caused by particles from tobacco smoke or dust from industrial processes, leading to white blood cells destroying tissue and causing emphysema?
What secretion from cells in the airways traps dirt and bacteria, which are then swept to the throat and killed by stomach acid?
What secretion from cells in the airways traps dirt and bacteria, which are then swept to the throat and killed by stomach acid?
What is the hollow space between the nose and the back of the throat that warms and moistens incoming air?
What is the hollow space between the nose and the back of the throat that warms and moistens incoming air?
What gas is vital for life and needed in respiration?
What gas is vital for life and needed in respiration?
What are the membranes that line the outside of the lung and the inside of the ribcage called?
What are the membranes that line the outside of the lung and the inside of the ribcage called?
What type of blood cell is specialized for the carriage of oxygen and gas exchange?
What type of blood cell is specialized for the carriage of oxygen and gas exchange?
What is the oxidation of glucose to form carbon dioxide and water with the release of a large amount of energy called?
What is the oxidation of glucose to form carbon dioxide and water with the release of a large amount of energy called?
What is one of the 24 bones that makes up the ribcage called?
What is one of the 24 bones that makes up the ribcage called?
What is the framework of 12 pairs of bones attached to the spine and sternum that protects vital organs and expands for inhalation called?
What is the framework of 12 pairs of bones attached to the spine and sternum that protects vital organs and expands for inhalation called?
What is the airway connecting the throat to the bronchi called?
What is the airway connecting the throat to the bronchi called?
What is another word for breathing?
What is another word for breathing?
What property is very large in the lung to increase the rate of diffusion for gas exchange?
What property is very large in the lung to increase the rate of diffusion for gas exchange?
What dense network surrounds the alveoli to help increase the rate of gas exchange?
What dense network surrounds the alveoli to help increase the rate of gas exchange?
Alveoli should be dry to maximize gas exchange.
Alveoli should be dry to maximize gas exchange.
Thin walls of the alveoli help increase the rate of diffusion.
Thin walls of the alveoli help increase the rate of diffusion.
Flashcards
Aerobic
Aerobic
Form of respiration where glucose is oxidised to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy.
Alveoli
Alveoli
Air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.
Asthma
Asthma
A condition causing airway sensitivity, leading to difficulty in breathing.
Bronchiole(s)
Bronchiole(s)
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Diffusion
Diffusion
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Exhale
Exhale
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Gas exchange
Gas exchange
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Haemoglobin
Haemoglobin
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Inhale
Inhale
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Intercostal muscles
Intercostal muscles
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Larynx
Larynx
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Lung
Lung
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Mucus
Mucus
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Nasal cavity
Nasal cavity
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Oxygen
Oxygen
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Pleural membranes
Pleural membranes
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Red blood cell
Red blood cell
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Respiration
Respiration
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Trachea
Trachea
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Ventilation
Ventilation
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Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide
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Glucose
Glucose
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Asthma triggers
Asthma triggers
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Emphysema
Emphysema
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Lung cancer
Lung cancer
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Surface area
Surface area
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Moisture in alveoli
Moisture in alveoli
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Study Notes
Respiration
- Respiration is the oxidation of glucose to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy.
- Aerobic respiration is a type of respiration where glucose is completely broken down, releasing a considerable amount of energy.
- Glucose is a crucial energy source for the body.
- Oxygen is essential for respiration.
- Carbon dioxide is a waste product of respiration.
- Energy is released during respiration and is convertible.
Breathing
- Breathing (or ventilation) involves taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.
- Inhalation (breathing in) increases chest cavity volume.
- Exhalation (breathing out) decreases chest cavity volume.
- Diaphragm and intercostal muscles are crucial for breathing. The diaphragm lowers when it contracts, increasing chest cavity volume. Intercostal muscles lift and expand ribs to facilitate inhalation.
- Trachea is the airway connecting the throat to the bronchi.
- Bronchi are the two main divisions of the trachea leading to the lungs.
- Bronchioles are the smaller branching tubes within the lungs.
- Alveoli are tiny air sacs at the end of bronchioles where gas exchange occurs.
- Gas exchange happens between the air in the alveoli and the blood, where oxygen is absorbed and carbon dioxide is released. Key for this process is the thin walls of alveoli and capillaries.
- Surface area of the alveoli is significant for efficient gas exchange. Alveoli and capillaries are thin and moist so that gas diffusion is quick.
- Haemoglobin carries oxygen in red blood cells.
- Nasal cavity warms and moistens incoming air.
- Mucus traps particles and bacteria in the airways.
- Cilia sweep mucus and trapped particles away from the lungs.
- Cartilage in the trachea prevents it from collapsing.
- Epiglottis prevents food from entering the trachea.
Associated Conditions and Processes
- Asthma: a condition where airways become sensitive and constrict, making breathing difficult.
- Lung cancer: uncontrolled growth of lung tissue, often from cigarette smoke.
- Heart disease: a group of diseases affecting blood vessels, often related to smoking.
- Lung damage: resulting from particles like tobacco smoke or industrial dust.
- Excretion is the removal of waste from the body. Excretion of carbon dioxide happens via the lungs.
- Lime water is a chemical indicator that turns milky in the presence of carbon dioxide.
- Gills in fish are organs for gas exchange in water.
Terms and Definitions
- Diffusion: The movement of a substance from high to low concentration.
- Larynx (voice box): the top of the trachea connected to the mouth, responsible for vocal sound production.
- Pleural membranes: membranes lining the lungs and ribcage, permitting smooth lung movement.
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Description
The quiz text discusses respiration, the oxidation of glucose to produce energy, carbon dioxide, and water. It covers aerobic respiration, where glucose is completely broken down. Breathing, involving inhalation and exhalation and the roles of the diaghragm, trachea, and intercostal muscles are also discussed.
