Resources and Development Concepts
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Questions and Answers

Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab?

  • Over irrigation (correct)
  • Overgrazing
  • Intensive cultivation
  • Deforestation

In which one of the following states is terrace cultivation practised?

  • Haryana
  • Plains of Uttar Pradesh
  • Uttarakhand (correct)
  • Punjab

In which of the following states black soil is predominantly found?

  • Maharashtra (correct)
  • Uttar Pradesh
  • Jharkhand
  • Rajasthan

Name three states having black soil and the crop which is mainly grown in it.

<p>Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh; Cotton</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast? Give three examples.

<p>Alluvial soil; The deltas of the Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri rivers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas?

<p>Contour ploughing, terrace farming, strip, cropping, shelter belts or windbreaks, afforestation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Answer the following questions in about 120 words. (i) What features of this type of soil and why has the land under forest not increased much since 1960-61? (ii) How have technical and economic development led to more consumption of resources?

<p>(i) Laterite soil, with its acidic nature and poor nutrient content, is not as productive for forestry as other soil types. This, along with the pressures of agricultural land use and deforestation, has impacted forest cover. (ii) Technological advancements have led to more efficient resource extraction, increased production, and a higher standard of living. However, this comes with a higher demand for resources, and the need for careful management to ensure sustainability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their correct definitions:

<p>Forest Soils = These soils are found on the hills and mountains where forests are available. The soil texture varies according to the mountain environment where they are formed. Laterite Soils = These soils develop under tropical and subtropical climate with alternate wet and dry seasons. They are generally deep to very deep, acidic and occur mostly in southern states. Black Soils = They are black in colour and ideal for growing cotton. Mostly these soils contain adequate proportion of potash, phosphoric acid and lime, which are ideal for the growth of sugarcane, paddy, wheat and other cereal and pulse crops. Alluvial Soils = This is the most widely spread and important soil. They have been deposited by three important Himalayan river systems. They are very fertile and are ideal for the growth of sugarcane, paddy, wheat and other cereal and pulse crops. Arid Soils = They are generally sandy in texture and saline in nature. They are prone to erosion and degradation due to their position on the landscape. After adopting appropriate soil conservation techniques, this soil is very useful for growing tea and coffee.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of transformation of things available in our environment involves a relationship between nature, technology, and institutions.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Resources are free gifts of nature, as many assume.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of resource classification, what is meant by 'potential', 'developed stock', and 'reserves'?

<p>Potential resources are those that exist but are not yet utilized due to technological or economic limitations. Developed stock refers to resources currently being extracted and used. Reserves are those that are known to exist and can be extracted in the future, given current technology and economic viability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does sustainable development mean?

<p>Sustainable development means meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It emphasizes economic growth, social equity, and environmental protection in a balanced manner.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Resource Transformation

The transformation of things available in our environment into usable resources. It involves interaction between nature, technology, and institutions.

Biotic Resources

Resources that are derived from living organisms, like plants and animals.

Abiotic Resources

Resources that are not derived from living organisms, like minerals and rocks.

Renewable Resources

Resources that can be replenished naturally over a relatively short period of time, like solar energy and forests.

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Non-Renewable Resources

Resources that are formed over millions of years and cannot be replenished at a comparable rate, like fossil fuels and minerals.

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Individual Ownership

Resources owned by individuals, like a personal car or a house.

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Community Ownership

Resources owned and managed by a community, like a village common or a community forest.

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National Ownership

Resources owned and controlled by a nation, like a national park or a mineral reserve.

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International Ownership

Resources managed by international organizations, like the ocean or the ozone layer.

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Potential Resources

Resources that have the potential to be developed, but are not yet being utilized, like untapped mineral deposits.

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Developed Resources

Resources that are currently being used, like cultivated land or a running hydroelectric power plant.

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Reserves

Resources that have been identified and estimated, but are kept in reserve for future use, like a proven oil reserve.

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Sustainable Development

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

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Resource Planning

A plan for the judicious and efficient use of resources.

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Resource Conservation

The practice of using resources conservatively to prevent depletion and ensure their availability for future generations.

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Afforestation

The process of planting trees in areas that have been deforested.

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Land Degradation

The degradation of land due to various factors like deforestation, overgrazing, and poor irrigation practices.

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Topsoil

The upper layer of soil that is most fertile and supports plant growth.

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Subsoil

The layer of soil beneath the topsoil, consisting of weathered rock and other mineral material.

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Weathered Parent Rock

The process of breaking down rocks through weathering and erosion.

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Unweathered Parent Bed Rock

The layer of soil below the subsoil, consisting of unweathered parent rock.

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Humus

The dark, organic matter in soil that is formed from decomposed plant and animal material.

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Alluvial Soil

The fertile soil deposited by rivers, often found in river valleys and flood plains.

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Black Soil (Regur Soil)

The deep, black soil found in the Deccan Plateau, known for its high cotton-growing potential.

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Red and Yellow Soils

The soil type found in low rainfall areas, characterized by its reddish or yellowish color.

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Laterite Soil

A soil type known for its porous texture and brick-like formation, often found in areas with alternating wet and dry seasons.

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Arid Soils

The soil type common in arid and semi-arid regions, characterized by its sandy texture and high salt content.

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Mountain Soil

Soil forming in hilly areas, often on the slopes of mountains.

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Land Use Pattern

The pattern of how land is used for different purposes, such as agriculture, forestry, and urbanization.

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Net Sown Area (NSA)

The area of land currently used for growing crops.

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Gross Cropped Area

The total area of land under cultivation, including land sown more than once in a year.

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Study Notes

Resources and Development

  • Resources are necessities for human life, and the quality of life depends on their availability and use.
  • Resources are not always free gifts of nature; human activities are essential to transforming natural materials into usable resources.
  • Resources can be classified by their origin (biotic or abiotic), exhaustibility (renewable or non-renewable), ownership (individual, community, etc.), and development status (potential, developed).
  • Renewable resources are those that can be replenished continuously or through natural processes, like wind, water, and vegetation.
  • Non-renewable resources are finite and cannot be replenished at a rate comparable to their consumption, examples include metals and fossil fuels.
  • Resources are vital for human survival and maintaining a high standard of living.
  • Resource planning is crucial since not all regions are equally endowed with resources.
  • There are reasons why some regions are rich in certain resources but are economically backward, while others may be resource-poor but economically developed.
  • Colonization may significantly affect a region's resources, leading to exploitation
  • Soil is a crucial renewable resource, supporting life and plant growth.

Sustainable Development

  • Sustainable development means development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
  • The Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, 1992, emphasized the interconnectedness of environmental protection and socio-economic development at the global level.
  • Agenda 21 is a global action plan, created at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), to promote sustainable development.

Land Resources

  • Land is a vital natural resource essential for human activities, including agriculture, industry, settlements, etc.
  • Land resources are categorized according to factors such as relief, location, and usage.
  • Land resources are used for forests, agricultural land, and non-agricultural purposes like construction and infrastructure.
  • Fallow lands are areas not cultivated (currently or in the past)
  • Soil is essential for plant life. Land use patterns vary across India, influenced by both physical and human factors. There are various types of soil with varying fertility, and their exploitation and management have important consequences.
  • Appropriate use and conservation of resources are critical in safeguarding our future.

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Description

This quiz explores the essential concepts related to resources and their classification. It covers the types of resources, their origins, and the importance of resource planning for sustainable development. Test your understanding of both renewable and non-renewable resources and their impact on human life.

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