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CH 4 SUM: Resource Use and Sustainability
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CH 4 SUM: Resource Use and Sustainability

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Questions and Answers

What is the main emphasis of Unit 1 regarding sustainable resource utilization?

  • Passing a preserved world to future generations (correct)
  • Soil erosion mitigation
  • Dependence on non-renewable energy sources
  • Increasing resource consumption

    • Which type of resources are highlighted as offering sustainable options due to their ability to regenerate or be used continuously?

  • Oil and wind
  • Solar energy and wind (correct)
  • Gold and oil
  • Coal and water

    • What role do resources play in determining economic development and living standards?

  • Crucial role (correct)
  • No role at all
  • Limited role in living standards
  • Minimal role in economic development

    • Which countries' economic development can be attributed to their vast resource bases?

    <p>United States, Britain, France, Germany</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What situation arises when resource exploitation leads to resources being consumed faster than they can be replenished?

    <p>Resource depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of energy sources are advocated over non-renewable sources like coal?

    <p>Solar and wind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of deforestation according to the text?

    <p>Rising atmospheric CO2 from deforestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which horizon of soil contains minerals leached from the A horizon and is less fertile?

    <p>B Horizon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor affects soil formation by influencing weathering rate, vegetation type, and organic matter content?

    <p>Climate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dimension does sustainability NOT encompass as highlighted in the text?

    <p>Cultural sustainability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the O Horizon of soil mainly consist of?

    <p>Decaying plant matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is soil color considered crucial in the understanding of soil properties?

    <p>To indicate the conditions under which soil was formed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that affects nutrient availability and plant growth in soil?

    <p>pH Index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the pulverization of coal into a fine powder to generate electricity?

    <p>Coal Combustion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant disadvantage associated with coal combustion for electricity generation?

    <p>Emissions of Greenhouse Gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major environmental consequence of coal mining related to water bodies?

    <p>Acidification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which soil conservation strategy involves limiting livestock activities?

    <p>Implementing Livestock Limits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the burning of coal contribute to atmospheric pollution?

    <p>Contribution to Smog, Acid Rain, and Global Warming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism through which solar power is converted into electricity?

    <p>Photovoltaics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which energy source has the potential to power the entire Earth for a year in just a single hour?

    <p>Solar radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material generates an electrical charge when exposed to significant sunlight in the context of solar power?

    <p>Silicon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technology is estimated to have an energy potential significantly larger than humanity's annual energy consumption?

    <p>High Altitude Wind Power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two major renewable energy projects initiated by South Africa in November 2011?

    <p>Sere wind power and Upington solar power projects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What energy source stands as the cornerstone of available non-conventional energy resources despite its underutilization?

    <p>Solar radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of an 'artificial leaf' in the context of the text?

    <p>To produce chemical fuels from sunlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which renewable energy source in South Africa is expected to constitute a significant percentage of new electricity generation?

    <p>Solar power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major challenge faced by wind power as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Noise and visual impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way can individuals contribute to environmental health as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Enhancing waste management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do governments play in promoting sustainability according to the text?

    <p>Setting examples through sustainable practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a green economy according to the United Nations definition?

    <p>Low carbon emissions and efficient resource use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the carbon footprint?

    <p>Direct emissions from fossil fuel consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country is highlighted in the conclusion as facing challenges related to energy needs and sustainable development?

    <p>South Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key benefit of reducing the carbon footprint?

    <p>Promoting environmental sustainability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the secondary footprint of the carbon footprint encompass?

    <p>Indirect emissions from product lifecycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is responsible for increasing electricity supply in South Africa according to the conclusion?

    <p>Government, business, and individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of the multifaceted approach mentioned in the conclusion?

    <p>Ensuring sustainable future for South Africa and its people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is reducing the carbon footprint essential for mitigating climate change?

    <p>To promote environmental sustainability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is highlighted as intertwined with South Africa's changing energy needs in the conclusion?

    <p>Goals of sustainable development and poverty reduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized as important in addressing contemporary global challenges in the text?

    <p>Green economies and sustainable living</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect is discussed as essential for ensuring a sustainable future for South Africa?

    <p>Reducing the carbon footprint and fostering green economies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Unit 1 in understanding sustainable resource utilization?

    <p>Advocating for renewable energy sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which resources are highlighted as crucial for determining the economic development of countries?

    <p>Renewable and non-renewable resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of resource exploitation when resources are consumed faster than they can be replenished?

    <p>Resource depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which energy sources are mentioned as examples of renewable resources in the text?

    <p>Solar and wind power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do renewable resources differ from non-renewable resources?

    <p>Renewable resources can be used without depletion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of vast resource bases on countries like the United States, Britain, France, and Germany?

    <p>Higher standards of living and quality of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary impact of coal combustion on the environment?

    <p>Contribution to smog, acid rain, and global warming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary effects of soil erosion accelerated by human activities?

    <p>Sedimentation in water bodies and reduced soil fertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor affecting soil structure, which in turn influences water infiltration and root penetration?

    <p>Particle aggregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is coal considered a cost-effective and efficient energy source for electricity generation?

    <p>Most economical and energy-efficient for generating electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge associated with coal mining in terms of environmental impact?

    <p>Acid mine drainage that can acidify soils and water bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does electricity generation from coal primarily occur?

    <p>Burning coal to produce steam for turbine rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three critical dimensions of sustainability highlighted in the text?

    <p>Social, environmental, and economic sustainability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which horizon of soil consists of weathered parent material contributing minerals to the soil?

    <p>C Horizon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor can influence soil characteristics through sunlight exposure, evaporation, and water runoff?

    <p>Climate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the B Horizon (Subsoil) in soil functionality?

    <p>Contains minerals leached from the A horizon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of deforestation according to the text?

    <p>Over-consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does unsustainable exploitation contribute to economic and environmental challenges?

    <p>By over-consumption, population growth, and mining activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism used in nuclear energy to generate electricity?

    <p>Conversion of water into steam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country embarked on significant renewable energy projects involving wind and solar power in November 2011?

    <p>South Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cornerstone of available non-conventional energy resources according to the text?

    <p>Solar radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which renewable energy source in South Africa is expected to persist in the near term despite advancements in technology?

    <p>Biofuels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process through which silicon generates an electrical charge in solar power systems?

    <p>Photovoltaics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of power source is estimated to have an energy potential significantly larger than humanity's annual consumption?

    <p><strong>High Altitude Wind Power</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is renewable energy considered crucial for mitigating global warming?

    <p>It has a lower impact on the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge faced by wind power according to the text?

    <p>Potential harm to wildlife</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do businesses play in promoting sustainability according to the text?

    <p>Promoting greener practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country hosted the COP 17 conference, showcasing a commitment to addressing climate change globally?

    <p>South Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary goal of transitioning to a green economy in South Africa?

    <p>Enhancing energy efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are individuals encouraged to do to promote environmental health?

    <p>Reduce consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the primary footprint of the carbon footprint include?

    <p>Direct emissions from fossil fuel consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the challenges related to energy needs in South Africa described in the conclusion?

    <p>Intertwined with sustainable development and poverty reduction goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is reducing the carbon footprint crucial according to the text?

    <p>To mitigate climate change and support environmental sustainability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is highlighted as essential for a sustainable future for South Africa and its people in the text?

    <p>Green economies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the multifaceted approach mentioned in the conclusion primarily aimed at achieving?

    <p>Sustainable energy supply and economic development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of soil, what influences nutrient availability and plant growth?

    <p>Soil formation factors like weathering rate and vegetation type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception associated with the secondary footprint of the carbon footprint?

    <p>It encompasses indirect emissions associated with product use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor plays a crucial role in determining resource availability and living standards according to the text?

    <p>The exploitation rate of resources compared to replenishment rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which energy source is expected to be a significant contributor to new electricity generation in South Africa?

    <p>Renewable solar energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect emphasized for addressing contemporary global challenges in the text?

    <p>Promotion of green economies and sustainable living</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary and secondary footprints used to measure in determining an individual or entity's carbon footprint?

    <p>Direct and indirect emissions associated with fossil fuel consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does South Africa aim to increase its electricity supply according to the conclusion?

    <p>By balancing environmental and economic sustainability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is highlighted as essential for mitigating climate change and promoting environmental sustainability?

    <p>Reducing the carbon footprint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the multifaceted approach mentioned in the conclusion for South Africa?

    <p>Achieving sustainable energy supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do concerted efforts across government, business, and individual levels contribute to South Africa's energy goals?

    <p>By aiming for environmentally and economically sustainable outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is reducing the carbon footprint essential according to the text?

    <p>To promote environmental sustainability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the secondary footprint of the carbon footprint encompass?

    <p>Indirect emissions associated with product lifecycles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of South Africa's efforts as mentioned in the conclusion?

    <p>Promoting green economies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main challenge for South Africa in meeting its energy needs according to the text?

    <p>Balancing economic and environmental sustainability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of effort does the conclusion emphasize for increasing electricity supply in South Africa?

    <p>Concerted efforts across government, business, and individual levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of sustainable resource utilization as discussed in Unit 1?

    <p>Advocating for renewable energy sources like solar and wind power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are renewable resources like solar energy and wind considered sustainable options according to the text?

    <p>They can regenerate or be used continuously without depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which countries have higher standards of living attributed to their vast resource bases according to the text?

    <p>United States, Britain, France, and Germany</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern with resource exploitation when it leads to depletion?

    <p>Resources are consumed faster than they can be replenished</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does resource exploitation become problematic according to the text?

    <p>When it leads to depletion due to consumption surpassing replenishment rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it crucial for countries to distinguish between renewable and non-renewable resources?

    <p>To make informed decisions about sustainable resource utilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of sustainability as described in the text?

    <p>Balancing economic growth and social welfare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor plays a significant role in the formation of soil according to the text?

    <p>Vegetation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary impact of the greenhouse effect as highlighted in the text?

    <p>Increasing atmospheric CO2 levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which horizon of soil is described as containing weathered parent material and contributing minerals to the soil?

    <p>C Horizon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor influencing soil characteristics related to relief according to the text?

    <p>Slope direction and gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does soil color play a crucial role according to the text?

    <p>Indicating formation conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental issues are associated with coal combustion at power plants?

    <p>Smog, acid rain, and global warming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy is NOT mentioned as a proactive measure for addressing soil erosion?

    <p>Intensive chemical fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does coal combustion lead to, which can cause acidification of soils and water bodies?

    <p>Interaction with water producing sulfuric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of coal-fired power stations mentioned in the text?

    <p>Reliability in electricity generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT emphasized as influencing soil properties?

    <p>Amount of sunlight received</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary challenge associated with soil erosion accelerated by human activities as discussed in the text?

    <p>Reduced agricultural productivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism through which solar power is converted into electricity?

    <p>Photovoltaics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which project in South Africa aims to produce 100 MW of power through renewable energy?

    <p>Sere wind power project</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge associated with biofuels according to the text?

    <p>Impact on commodity prices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In South Africa's 20-Year Plan, what percentage of the energy mix is allocated to renewable sources?

    <p>16%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which energy source is highlighted as witnessing advancements in technology and market penetration?

    <p>Wind and solar power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated energy potential from wind streams in the Earth's troposphere according to the text?

    <p>850 terrawatts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key environmental concern regarding wind power mentioned in the text?

    <p>Potential harm to wildlife</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of South Africa's energy needs, what is described as crucial for balancing economic stability and population well-being?

    <p>Transitioning to greener electricity sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant focus of a green economy as defined by the United Nations?

    <p>Minimizing environmental risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which actor plays a role in promoting sustainable practices by reducing emissions and enhancing waste management?

    <p>Businesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is sustainable living defined in the context of reducing one's carbon footprint?

    <p>Adopting practices that minimize resource use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do governments play in promoting sustainability according to the text?

    <p>Setting examples through sustainable practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the carbon footprint measure?

    <p>Total emissions from fossil fuel consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is reducing the carbon footprint essential?

    <p>For mitigating climate change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of South Africa's approach to increasing electricity supply?

    <p>To achieve environmental and economic sustainability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is part of the secondary footprint?

    <p>Indirect emissions linked to product life cycles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized as important for South Africa's future in the conclusion?

    <p>Promoting green economies and sustainable living</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major challenge associated with wind power mentioned in the text?

    <p>Inconsistent power generation due to weather patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary focus when transitioning to a green economy in South Africa?

    <p>Reducing reliance on non-renewable energy sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Unit 1 regarding sustainable resource utilization?

    <p>Emphasizing the importance of reducing resource consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are renewable resources like solar energy and wind power considered sustainable options in the text?

    <p>Due to their ability to regenerate or be used continuously without depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key distinction between renewable and non-renewable resources in terms of sustainability?

    <p>Renewable resources can regenerate while non-renewable cannot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has facilitated higher standards of living in countries like the United States and Britain?

    <p>Vast resource bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does resource exploitation become a concern according to the text?

    <p>When it leads to resource depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of sustainability, why is reducing resource consumption essential?

    <p>To mitigate resource depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern associated with the exploitation of natural resources?

    <p>Ensuring environmental health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor significantly influences the fertility of the A Horizon (Topsoil)?

    <p>Presence of decaying plant matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do soil organisms like bacteria and earthworms play in soil fertility?

    <p>Enriching the soil with minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor significantly influences soil characteristics based on the landscape?

    <p>Relief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the O Horizon crucial for the development of soil profile?

    <p>To incorporate water and organic matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does climate influence soil formation and erosion?

    <p>By affecting weathering rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary impact of coal combustion mentioned in the text?

    <p>Production of fly ash and heavy metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy is recommended in the text to reduce soil erosion risks?

    <p>Implementing contour ploughing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main environmental concern related to coal mining as per the text?

    <p>Acid mine drainage leading to soil acidification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of soil structure affects water infiltration and root penetration?

    <p>Aggregation of soil particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge associated with coal-fired power stations highlighted in the text?

    <p>Significant emissions of pollutants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key reason why coal is considered cost-effective for electricity generation according to the text?

    <p>Relatively low cost and energy efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism through which solar power is converted into electricity?

    <p>Photovoltaics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which energy source is NOT mentioned as part of South Africa's 20-year plan for energy diversification by 2030?

    <p>Wave power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern associated with biofuels as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Impact on commodity prices and affordability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenges are faced by solar and wind power technologies as mentioned in the text?

    <p>High cost of installation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which initiative marked a significant step towards diversifying South Africa's energy sources in November 2011?

    <p>R1.9 billion deal for renewable energy projects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated energy potential from wind streams in the Earth's troposphere compared to humanity's annual energy consumption?

    <p>$8507$ terrawatts vs $17$ terrawatts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major challenge faced by solar power according to the text?

    <p>Environmental concerns related to production and disposal processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is crucial for South Africa's economic stability and the well-being of its population according to the text?

    <p>Balancing cleaner electricity sources with increased production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized as crucial for promoting sustainable practices in South Africa across all sectors of the economy?

    <p>Enhancing energy efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant environmental consequence associated with wind power mentioned in the text?

    <p>Noise pollution and visual impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do businesses contribute to sustainability according to the text?

    <p>By adopting greener practices and reducing emissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of a green economy as defined by the United Nations?

    <p>Prioritizing human well-being while minimizing environmental risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is reducing the carbon footprint crucial for promoting environmental sustainability?

    <p>To mitigate climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of distinguishing between primary and secondary footprints in measuring carbon emissions?

    <p>To accurately account for both direct and indirect sources of emissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does South Africa aim to ensure its electricity supply meets sustainable and environmental goals?

    <p>Through a multifaceted approach involving government, business, and individual efforts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect highlighted as essential for achieving a sustainable future for South Africa and its people?

    <p>Prioritizing green economies and sustainable living</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for countries to transition to green economies as mentioned in the conclusion?

    <p>To achieve environmentally and economically sustainable practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do concerted efforts across government, business, and individual levels contribute to South Africa's energy goals as per the text?

    <p>By working together to increase environmentally and economically sustainable electricity supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do businesses play in promoting environmental sustainability based on the text?

    <p>To contribute to environmentally sustainable practices in partnership with other sectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it crucial to distinguish between renewable and non-renewable resources?

    <p>To ensure sustainable utilization of resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern when resource exploitation leads to depletion?

    <p>Overconsumption of resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can reducing resource consumption mitigate climate change?

    <p>By addressing the root cause of climate change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do renewable energy sources like solar and wind power play in economic development?

    <p>They facilitate sustainable economic development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major environmental advantage of utilizing renewable energy sources over non-renewable sources?

    <p>Mitigation of climate change impacts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does resource exploitation becoming a concern relate to depletion?

    <p>It indicates overconsumption of resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary environmental concern associated with coal combustion for electricity generation?

    <p>Release of greenhouse gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which soil characteristic is mainly influenced by the aggregation of soil particles?

    <p>Soil structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main challenge associated with coal-fired power stations highlighted in the text?

    <p>Cost and duration of construction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental problem is caused by the interaction of water with sulfur-bearing rocks in the context of coal mining?

    <p>Acid rain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy is recommended in the text to reduce soil erosion risks?

    <p>Implementing contour ploughing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that affects nutrient availability and plant growth in soil?

    <p>Soil pH index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of deforestation, as described in the text?

    <p>Exacerbation of global warming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor plays a significant role in determining soil characteristics based on the landscape?

    <p>Relief variations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the topsoil layer (A Horizon) considered the most fertile?

    <p>It contains high levels of humus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does time play in soil formation suitable for agriculture?

    <p>Thousands of years are required to develop mature soil suitable for agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the concept of sustainability mentioned in the text?

    <p>Balancing ecological protection, economic growth, and social well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do soil organisms like bacteria and earthworms contribute to soil fertility?

    <p>By enriching the soil with organic matter (humus)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism used to convert solar power into electricity?

    <p>Photovoltaics involving silicon from sand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In South Africa's 20-Year Energy Plan, what percentage of the energy mix is allocated to renewable energy by 2030?

    <p>16%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following energy sources is mentioned as having limited potential due to South Africa's dry climate?

    <p>Hydroelectric power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the Sere wind power and Upington solar power projects in South Africa?

    <p>Enhance renewable energy generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element, when exposed to sunlight, generates an electrical charge in the context of solar power?

    <p>Silicon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the plan aiming to develop a sustainable electricity investment strategy for South Africa?

    <p>Diversifying energy sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key challenge faced by wind power, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Noise and visual impact issues leading to opposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country recently hosted the COP 17 conference to emphasize its commitment to climate change action on a global scale?

    <p>South Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary focus of a green economy, as defined by the United Nations?

    <p>Prioritizing human well-being and efficient resource use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial factor for South Africa's economic stability and population well-being according to the text?

    <p>Shifting towards cleaner electricity sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technology aims to reduce one's carbon footprint by adopting practices that minimize the use of natural resources?

    <p><strong>Solar Buildings</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do individuals play in promoting environmental health according to the text?

    <p><strong>Reducing personal carbon footprints</strong> through sustainable living practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the carbon footprint measure?

    <p>Direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions caused by an individual or entity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes the secondary footprint in terms of carbon emissions?

    <p>Indirect emissions related to product lifecycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is reducing the carbon footprint linked to mitigating climate change?

    <p>To decrease greenhouse gas emissions contributing to climate change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of South Africa, what is the primary focus when increasing electricity supply?

    <p>Both environmentally and economically sustainable supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal when reducing the carbon footprint?

    <p>To mitigate climate change and promote sustainability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are concerted efforts across government, business, and individual levels deemed essential in South Africa's energy strategy?

    <p>To address environmental and economic sustainability challenges effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is highlighted as crucial for ensuring a sustainable future for South Africa and its people?

    <p>Development of green economies and sustainable living practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is increasing electricity supply sustainably important in South Africa?

    <p>To promote environmental sustainability and economic growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does reducing the carbon footprint play in environmental sustainability?

    <p>It helps mitigate climate change and fosters environmental sustainability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do green economies contribute to addressing global challenges according to the conclusion?

    <p>By promoting sustainable practices and addressing contemporary challenges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are renewable resources like solar energy and wind power considered crucial for mitigating climate change?

    <p>They offer a sustainable option due to their ability to regenerate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does resource exploitation becoming a concern affect depletion?

    <p>It leads to faster resource consumption than replenishment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do natural resources play in the economic development of countries?

    <p>Determine economic development and living standards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the distinction between renewable and non-renewable resources?

    <p>Renewable resources have limited regenerative capacity, while non-renewable resources do not deplete.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern related to resource exploitation leading to depletion?

    <p>Faster resource consumption than replenishment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do solar energy and wind power impact the living standards within developed countries?

    <p>They facilitate higher standards of living.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environmental concern is associated with coal combustion mentioned in the text?

    <p>Acid mine drainage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant environmental impact of coal mining on ecosystems?

    <p>Acidification of soils and water bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT mentioned as a challenge posed by soil erosion in the text?

    <p>Increased vegetation cover</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor influencing soil properties related to water infiltration and root penetration?

    <p>Soil structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which regulatory measure is suggested in the text to address soil erosion?

    <p>Livestock limits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary advantage of coal-based electricity generation highlighted in the text?

    <p>Cost-effectiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary impact of deforestation as discussed in the text?

    <p>Intensifies soil erosion and contributes to atmospheric CO2 levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor significantly affects the formation and quality of soil according to the text?

    <p>Parent material composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the A Horizon (Topsoil) in soil functionality?

    <p>Supports plant growth with rich organic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does climate influence soil formation according to the text?

    <p>Through its impact on weathering, vegetation type, and organic matter content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial aspect of sustainability emphasized in the text regarding resource utilization?

    <p>Balanced approach considering ecological protection and social well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the O Horizon significant in the context of soil formation and composition?

    <p>It supports plant growth due to its rich organic matter transitioning into humus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism through which solar power is converted into electricity?

    <p>Photovoltaics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which project in South Africa aims to produce 100 MW of power through renewable energy?

    <p>Upington solar power project</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What energy source is expected to continue as the primary electricity generation method in South Africa in the near term?

    <p>Coal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which renewable energy option is stirring debate over its impact on commodity prices and affordability?

    <p>Biofuels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated annual energy consumption of humanity compared to the potential energy from wind streams in the Earth's troposphere?

    <p>$17$ TW vs. $85$ TW</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary impact of coal combustion on the environment as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Acid rain formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of new electricity generation is renewable energy expected to constitute in South Africa over the next two decades?

    <p>42%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which renewable energy source in South Africa faces challenges related to opposition due to noise and visual impact, as well as potential harm to wildlife?

    <p>Wind power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategy does transitioning to a green economy in South Africa involve according to the text?

    <p>Enhancing energy efficiency and investing in renewable energy sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes sustainable living according to the text?

    <p>Adopting practices that minimize the use of natural resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of businesses in promoting environmental sustainability according to the text?

    <p>Reducing emissions and conserving resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do individuals promote when they reduce personal carbon footprints through mindful consumption and sustainable living practices?

    <p>'Think globally, act locally' principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the secondary footprint of the carbon footprint include?

    <p>Indirect emissions associated with product lifecycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the multifaceted approach mentioned in the conclusion considered essential?

    <p>To ensure sustainable development and poverty reduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which entity is involved in efforts to increase electricity supply in a sustainable manner?

    <p>Government, business, and individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does South Africa plan to address its changing energy needs according to the text?

    <p>By promoting green economies and sustainable living</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary goal of reducing the carbon footprint as stated in the text?

    <p>To promote environmental sustainability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT emphasized as important for South Africa's sustainable development?

    <p>Dependence on non-renewable resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary challenge mentioned in the conclusion regarding South Africa's energy goals?

    <p>Meeting changing energy needs sustainably</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a multifaceted approach crucial for ensuring South Africa's sustainable future?

    <p>To address contemporary global challenges effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which entity plays a significant role in ensuring South Africa's sustainable future?

    <p>Government institutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of the multifaceted approach aims to bring about environmental and economic sustainability in South Africa?

    <p>Concerted efforts across government, business, and individual levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor primarily determines the mineral composition of soil?

    <p>Parent material type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which soil horizon is composed of minerals leached from the topsoil layer?

    <p>B Horizon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In soil formation, what is the layer that transitions from decaying plant matter to humus?

    <p>O Horizon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor influences soil characteristics through its effects on sunlight exposure and water runoff?

    <p>Climate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the C Horizon in soil functionality?

    <p>Contributing minerals to the soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which soil horizon contains the highest amount of organic material?

    <p>A Horizon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary environmental impact of coal combustion mentioned in the text?

    <p>Contribution to acid rain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor contributing to coal's reputation as the most economical and energy-efficient source for electricity generation?

    <p>Abundant reserves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy is NOT mentioned as a proactive measure for addressing soil erosion in the text?

    <p>Increasing deforestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge posed by soil erosion, particularly related to poor farming practices?

    <p>Reduction in agricultural productivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environmental threat is associated with underground coal mining according to the text?

    <p>Chronic health issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of soil structure directly affects root penetration and water infiltration?

    <p>Soil texture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern related to resource exploitation mentioned in the text?

    <p>Depletion of resources leading to environmental degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do renewable resources differ from non-renewable resources based on the text?

    <p>Non-renewable resources can regenerate continuously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor significantly contributes to the economic development of countries like the United States and Britain?

    <p>Vast resource bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is passing a more preserved world onto future generations emphasized in the text?

    <p>To mitigate climate change and soil erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key role of renewable energy sources like solar and wind power according to the text?

    <p>Offering sustainable options</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is altering lifestyles and reducing resource consumption essential based on the text?

    <p>To pass a more preserved world onto future generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technology mentioned in the text mimics the photosynthesis process to convert sunlight into a chemical fuel?

    <p>Artificial Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary environmental concern related to solar power as discussed in the text?

    <p>Visual Impact on Landscapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is wind power described in terms of its environmental impact according to the text?

    <p>Has No Air or Water Pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main challenge faced by South Africa concerning its dual electricity supply problem?

    <p>Balancing Economic Stability and Population Well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of energy management in South Africa, what is crucial besides increasing electricity production?

    <p>Enhancing Energy Efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of a green economy, as defined by the United Nations?

    <p>Prioritizing Human Well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of nuclear energy in electricity generation?

    <p>Generating steam to drive turbines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which renewable energy initiative in Africa marked a significant step towards diversifying South Africa's energy sources?

    <p>Sere Wind Power and Upington Solar Power Projects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern related to biofuels as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Impact on commodity prices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of energy potential, what distinguishes High Altitude Wind Power from humanity's annual energy consumption?

    <p>It exceeds annual energy consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of reducing the carbon footprint according to the text?

    <p>Promoting environmental sustainability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the multifaceted approach in South Africa essential for ensuring a sustainable future?

    <p>To address contemporary global challenges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the B Horizon (Subsoil) play in soil functionality?

    <p>Retaining most organic matter and plant nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the O Horizon of soil mainly consist of?

    <p>Partially decomposed organic matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental problem is caused by the interaction of water with sulfur-bearing rocks in coal mining?

    <p>Acid mine drainage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge associated with biofuels as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Opposition due to noise and visual impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the pulverization of coal into a fine powder to generate electricity?

    <p>Coal pulverization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does solar power get converted into electricity?

    <p>By photovoltaic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of deforestation as described in the text?

    <p>Intensified climate change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is highlighted as a crucial aspect of sustainability regarding resource utilization?

    <p>Sustainable living habits</p> Signup and view all the answers

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