Term 4
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Questions and Answers

What is the main focus of Unit 1 regarding sustainable resource utilization?

  • Emphasizing the importance of passing a more preserved world to future generations (correct)
  • Encouraging excessive reliance on coal
  • Promoting the use of non-renewable energy sources
  • Advocating for increased resource consumption
  • Which types of resources are emphasized as sustainable options?

  • Gold and oil
  • Solar energy and wind power (correct)
  • Coal and natural gas
  • Water contamination and soil erosion
  • How have the resource bases of countries like the United States contributed to their economic development?

  • By facilitating higher standards of living (correct)
  • By advocating for exploitation of natural resources
  • By encouraging dependence on non-renewable energy sources
  • By depleting resources rapidly
  • What is a major concern related to resource exploitation?

    <p>Resource depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are renewable resources like wind and solar power considered sustainable?

    <p>They need continuous replenishment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text suggest mitigating climate change and soil erosion?

    <p>By reducing resource consumption and advocating renewable energy sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of soil describes how soil particles are aggregated, affecting water infiltration and root penetration?

    <p>Structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What poses a challenge to soil quality and agricultural productivity by removing topsoil through natural forces?

    <p>Wind and Water Erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy involves implementing livestock limits to address soil erosion?

    <p>Regulatory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of electricity generation discussed in the text?

    <p>Coal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental issue is associated with coal combustion by power plants?

    <p>Air Pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most fertile layer of soil known as?

    <p>A Horizon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which horizon of soil contains minerals leached from the A horizon and is less fertile?

    <p>B Horizon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of resource depletion mentioned in the text?

    <p>Population growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor influences soil formation by dictating the mineral composition of soil?

    <p>Parent Material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the O Horizon play in soil functionality?

    <p>Composed of decaying plant matter transitioning into humus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dimension is NOT included in the concept of sustainability mentioned in the text?

    <p>Technological</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does deforestation contribute to environmental problems according to the text?

    <p>Exacerbates global warming through soil erosion and increased CO2 levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many layers are typically found in a mature soil profile as described in the text?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes the A Horizon distinct from other soil horizons?

    <p>It is the most fertile layer rich in organic material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following activities aligns with sustainable practices as per the text?

    <p>Recycling and organic farming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism for converting solar power into electricity?

    <p>Photovoltaics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which energy source is South Africa planning to increase to 14% in their energy mix by 2030?

    <p>Hydroelectric power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major environmental issue is exacerbated by the clustering of power stations in Mpumalanga?

    <p>Acid rain concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which project in South Africa is focused on developing wind power?

    <p>Sere wind power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common element is used in the process of converting solar power into electricity?

    <p>Silicon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of energy is not part of South Africa's 20-year plan for energy diversification by 2030?

    <p>Biofuels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the carbon footprint measure?

    <p>Total greenhouse gas emissions caused directly and indirectly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the primary footprint account for?

    <p>Direct emissions from fossil fuel consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach is essential for ensuring a sustainable future for South Africa?

    <p>Concerted efforts across government, business, and individual levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the goals of South Africa regarding its electricity supply?

    <p>Increasing electricity supply sustainably</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is highlighted as important in addressing contemporary global challenges?

    <p>Green economies and sustainable living</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which footprint encompasses indirect emissions associated with product lifecycles?

    <p>Secondary footprint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of an 'artificial leaf' emulating photosynthesis?

    <p>To convert sunlight into a chemical fuel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which renewable energy source in South Africa is expected to constitute a significant portion of new electricity generation?

    <p>Solar power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key environmental concerns related to solar power in South Africa?

    <p>Environmental impact during production, installation, and disposal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can South Africa address its dual electricity supply problem effectively?

    <p>By promoting sustainable development and poverty reduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does transitioning to a green economy in South Africa involve?

    <p>Enhancing energy efficiency and promoting sustainable practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can individuals contribute to environmental health according to the text?

    <p>By adopting mindful consumption and sustainable living practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do governments play in promoting sustainability according to the text?

    <p>Promoting environmental education and setting examples through sustainable practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Underwater kites' are devices primarily used for:

    <p>Generating energy in tidal currents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Solar buildings' involve innovations that integrate solar energy generation by using technologies such as:

    <p>'Solar panel roof shingles' and 'spray-on thin film solar cells'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the potential challenges faced by wind power according to the text?

    <p>Noise and visual impact, opposition, potential harm to wildlife</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern associated with resource exploitation according to the text?

    <p>Resource depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are renewable energy sources like wind and solar power considered sustainable?

    <p>They have a limited impact on the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do renewable resources play in resource sustainability?

    <p>Enable continuous usage without depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do non-renewable resources differ from renewable resources?

    <p>Renewable resources can be used continuously without depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the essential characteristic of economic development associated with resource bases in countries like the United States and Britain?

    <p>Higher living standards and quality of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is resource exploitation a concern in terms of depletion?

    <p>Consumption surpasses replenishment rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental challenges are posed by coal combustion in power plants?

    <p>Smog, acid rain, and global warming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is coal considered the most economical and energy-efficient source for electricity generation?

    <p>It is abundant and cost-effective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of coal mining on landscapes?

    <p>Significant alteration of landscapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does coal combustion contribute to air pollution?

    <p>Through emissions leading to smog</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key element is necessary in the process of converting solar power into electricity?

    <p>Silicon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action exacerbates soil erosion according to the text?

    <p>Overgrazing and improper ploughing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary impact of soil erosion on water bodies?

    <p>Sedimentation in water bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor restricts the placement of power stations in South Africa?

    <p>Geographical limitations of coal fields</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common risk associated with underground coal mining?

    <p>Fatalities, injuries, and chronic health issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What poses a significant threat to ecosystems due to its production during coal mining?

    <p>Sulfuric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal in reducing the carbon footprint?

    <p>Mitigating climate change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which footprint includes indirect emissions related to the lifecycle of products used?

    <p>Secondary footprint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What multifaceted approach is essential for ensuring a sustainable future for South Africa?

    <p>Focusing on green economies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the challenges of meeting South Africa's changing energy needs intertwined?

    <p>With sustainable development and poverty reduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized as important for increasing South Africa's electricity supply?

    <p>Economic and environmental sustainability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is reducing the carbon footprint important for environmental sustainability?

    <p>To mitigate climate change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Sere wind power and Upington solar power projects in South Africa?

    <p>To reduce the country's reliance on coal for electricity generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which renewable energy source has the potential to power the entire Earth for a year with just an hour of energy output?

    <p>Solar energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common element used in the process of converting solar power into electricity?

    <p>Silicon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated annual energy consumption of humanity, which is significantly less than the energy potential from wind streams in the Earth's troposphere?

    <p>$17$ terrawatts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which innovation for the future involves harnessing wind streams in the Earth's troposphere as a potential energy source?

    <p>'High Altitude Wind Power'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason behind the debate surrounding biofuels' impact on commodity prices and affordability for the impoverished?

    <p>Potential negative effects on agricultural land use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental issue is coal power particularly associated with due to its emissions?

    <p>'Acid rain' formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of South Africa's plan to diversify its energy mix by 2030?

    <p>To achieve a balanced portfolio of various energy sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Electricity Imports' from hydroelectric plants on the Congo and Zambezi rivers are seen as a potential solution for addressing what issue?

    <p>'Electricity supply' challenges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Limited Hydroelectric Potential' in South Africa is primarily attributed to what geographical factor?

    <p>Inadequate river flow for consistent power generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of all new electricity generation in South Africa is expected to come from renewable energy sources over the next two decades?

    <p>42%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country hosted the COP 17 conference in Durban, showcasing its commitment to addressing climate change globally?

    <p>South Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main environmental concern related to solar power in South Africa during its operation?

    <p>Visual impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key challenge faced by wind power as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Visual impacts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary roles that governments play in promoting sustainability according to the text?

    <p>Promoting environmental education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of soil is described as containing minerals leached from above and being less fertile?

    <p>B Horizon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of a green economy as defined by the United Nations?

    <p>Minimizing environmental impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can businesses contribute to sustainability according to the text?

    <p>Adopting greener practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technological advancement emulates the photosynthesis process by transforming sunlight into chemical fuel?

    <p>'Artificial Photosynthesis'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the O Horizon in soil functionality?

    <p>Develops through the incorporation of water, air, and organic matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does climate influence soil formation?

    <p>Affects the rate of weathering and vegetation type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor plays a crucial role in enriching soil with organic matter and enhancing fertility?

    <p>Presence of soil organisms like bacteria and earthworms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In soil science, what does the B Horizon primarily consist of?

    <p>Minerals leached from the A horizon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the fundamental roles of soil organisms like bacteria and earthworms?

    <p>Enriching soil with organic matter (humus)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the A Horizon (Topsoil) from the other soil horizons?

    <p>Most fertile layer rich in organic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environmental factor influences soil characteristics by affecting sunlight exposure and water runoff?

    <p>Climate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern when resource exploitation leads to depletion?

    <p>Resources being consumed faster than they can be replenished</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes significantly to the economic development of countries like the United States and Germany?

    <p>Vast resource bases facilitating higher living standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinction between renewable and non-renewable resources primarily based on?

    <p>Their ability to regenerate or be sustained without depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of resources offer a sustainable option due to their ability to regenerate or be used continuously without depletion?

    <p>Renewable resources like solar energy and wind power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the backbone of any society, constituting both the natural environment and economic assets that a country possesses?

    <p>Resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it imperative to pass a more preserved world onto future generations according to the text?

    <p>To mitigate climate change and soil erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the carbon footprint measure?

    <p>Greenhouse gas emissions from various sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of reducing the carbon footprint?

    <p>Promoting sustainable living</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach is highlighted as essential for South Africa to meet its energy needs sustainably?

    <p>Implementing renewable energy solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary relationship between South Africa's energy needs and sustainable development?

    <p>Meeting energy needs is linked to sustainable development goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the multifaceted approach deemed essential for a sustainable future for South Africa?

    <p>Promoting green economies and sustainable living</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the goals of sustainable development and poverty reduction linked to South Africa's electricity supply?

    <p>Sustainable development relies on electricity supply adequacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What critical dimensions does sustainability encompass according to the text?

    <p>Social, environmental, and economic sustainability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor plays a crucial role in determining the mineral composition of soil?

    <p>Parent Material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What horizon of soil comprises weathered parent material and contributes minerals to the soil?

    <p>B Horizon (Subsoil)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physical property of soil indicates the conditions under which soil was formed?

    <p>Color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do organisms contribute to enriching soil with organic matter and enhancing fertility?

    <p>By adding organic matter (humus) to the soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does climate play in influencing soil formation according to the text?

    <p>Affecting the rate of weathering and organic matter content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy for electricity generation in South Africa?

    <p>Coal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common element used in the process of converting solar power into electricity?

    <p>Silicon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which renewable energy source has the most significant untapped potential for electricity generation globally?

    <p>Solar power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of energy generation is expected to persist in the near term in South Africa despite efforts to diversify?

    <p>Coal-based</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significant initiative undertaken by South Africa in November 2011 to promote renewable energy?

    <p>Sere wind power and Upington solar power projects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'High Altitude Wind Power' aims to harness energy potential from wind streams at what location?

    <p>Earth's troposphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element, when exposed to significant sunlight, generates an electrical charge as part of the solar power conversion process?

    <p>Silicon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Electricity Imports' from hydroelectric plants on the Congo and Zambezi rivers are a potential solution for addressing what issue in South Africa?

    <p>Energy shortages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Biofuels' stir debate primarily due to concerns over their impact on what aspect?

    <p>Commodity prices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which energy source forms the cornerstone of available non-conventional resources alongside solar radiation?

    <p>Biomass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does coal combustion impact the environment?

    <p>It contributes to air pollution and global warming.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some disadvantages of coal-based electricity?

    <p>Geographical limitations in siting power stations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of contour ploughing in soil conservation?

    <p>Reducing wind and water erosion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is coal considered cost-effective for electricity generation?

    <p>It is economical and energy-efficient compared to other sources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does acid mine drainage affect ecosystems?

    <p>It poses a threat by acidifying soils and water bodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for considering soil as a non-renewable resource?

    <p>Slow formation rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor primarily restricts the siting of coal-fired power stations?

    <p>'Geographical Limitations'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does coal mining affect landscapes?

    <p>'Landscape Alteration' is significant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary environmental issue arises from poor farming practices?

    <p>'Poor Farming Practices' exacerbate erosion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key challenge posed by soil erosion accelerated by human activities?

    <p>Decrease in agricultural productivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is renewable energy considered crucial for mitigating global warming?

    <p>It reduces the environmental impact of fossil fuels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key challenge faced by wind power according to the text?

    <p>Potential harm to wildlife</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a green economy according to the United Nations?

    <p>Efficient resource use and low carbon emissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is South Africa aiming to shift towards cleaner electricity sources?

    <p>To address poverty effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is highlighted as important in transitioning South Africa to a green economy?

    <p>Investing in renewable energy sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do individuals contribute to promoting environmental health according to the text?

    <p>By reducing personal carbon footprints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary responsibility of governments in promoting sustainability?

    <p>Setting examples through sustainable practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Solar Buildings' involve innovations that integrate solar energy generation using technologies such as:

    <p>'Spray-on thin film solar cells'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Underwater Kites' are devices anchored to the seafloor that:

    <p>'Navigate' in tidal currents to generate energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Artificial Photosynthesis' involves creating an 'artificial leaf' for:

    <p>'Transforming sunlight into a chemical fuel'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it crucial to reduce resource consumption according to the text?

    <p>To prevent depletion of resources faster than they can regenerate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor driving economic development in countries like the United States and Britain according to the text?

    <p>Significant resource bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern associated with resource exploitation according to the text?

    <p>Depletion leading to a scarcity of resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are renewable resources like solar energy and wind power considered sustainable options?

    <p>They offer continuous use without depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes renewable resources from non-renewable resources primarily?

    <p>Ability to regenerate without depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do renewable resources contribute to sustainability according to the text?

    <p>By offering continuous use without depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the O Horizon of soil primarily consist of?

    <p>Decaying plant matter transitioning into humus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor significantly influences soil formation and quality by dictating the type of underlying rock?

    <p>Parent Material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physical property of soil can provide insights into the conditions under which the soil was formed?

    <p>Colour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of organisms like bacteria and earthworms in soil?

    <p>Enrich the soil with organic matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of soil erosion, what is influenced by factors such as sunlight exposure and water runoff?

    <p>Soil characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is soil impacted by the climate in terms of vegetation type and weathering rate?

    <p>Climate affects vegetation type and rate of weathering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the A Horizon (Topsoil) from the B Horizon (Subsoil) in terms of fertility?

    <p>A Horizon is less fertile than B Horizon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Regolith' refers to what specific layer associated with the formation of soil?

    <p>'O' horizon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Humus' is primarily associated with which horizon of mature soil profiles?

    <p>'O' horizon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Topsoil' is characterized by being rich in what specific material compared to subsoil layers?

    <p>'A' horizon organics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the primary and secondary carbon footprint?

    <p>Primary footprint includes direct emissions, while secondary footprint encompasses indirect emissions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does South Africa plan to increase its electricity supply sustainably?

    <p>Through a multifaceted approach involving government, business, and individual efforts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is reducing the carbon footprint important for climate change mitigation?

    <p>To mitigate greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do soil organisms like bacteria and earthworms play in soil fertility?

    <p>Enhancing soil fertility by breaking down organic matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is meeting energy needs in South Africa intertwined with sustainable development goals?

    <p>To balance increased electricity supply with environmental and economic sustainability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of green economies as highlighted in the text?

    <p>Balancing economic growth with environmental conservation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary environmental impact of coal combustion by power plants?

    <p>Air pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor poses a threat to ecosystems due to its interaction with water in coal mining?

    <p>Sulfuric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key challenge faced by wind power according to the text?

    <p>Geographical limitations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which energy source is South Africa planning to increase to 14% in their energy mix by 2030?

    <p>Renewable energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern when resource exploitation leads to depletion?

    <p>Resource scarcity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized as important for increasing South Africa's electricity supply?

    <p>Enhancement of wind power generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Artificial Photosynthesis' involves creating an 'artificial leaf' for:

    <p><strong>Solar energy conversion</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which common element is found in coal combustion emissions?

    <p>Sulfur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of a green economy, according to the United Nations?

    <p>Efficient resource use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is opposition encountered by wind power despite being a clean energy source?

    <p>Noise and visual impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary challenge faced by solar power in terms of environmental impact?

    <p>Issues related to installation and disposal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial aspect of transitioning to a green economy in South Africa?

    <p>Enhancing energy efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can individuals contribute to environmental health based on the text?

    <p>Reducing personal carbon footprints through mindful consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is renewable energy crucial for mitigating global warming?

    <p>Reduces carbon emissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes sustainable living according to the text?

    <p>Reducing carbon footprint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process through which solar power is converted into electricity known as?

    <p>Photovoltaics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy potential from wind streams in the Earth's troposphere estimated at?

    <p>Over 850 terrawatts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of South Africa's long-term energy plan for 2030?

    <p>Diversify energy sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country embarked on a significant initiative by developing renewable energy projects in November 2011?

    <p>South Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What issue stirs debate over biofuels regarding their impact on commodity prices and affordability?

    <p>Impact on commodity prices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which renewable energy source holds immense potential but is currently underutilized globally?

    <p>Solar radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material generates an electrical charge when exposed to sunlight in the process of converting solar power into electricity?

    <p>Silicon</p> Signup and view all the answers

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