Residential School System and Aboriginal Policies
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Questions and Answers

Which feature of democracy ensures that elected officials are held accountable?

  • Absolutism
  • Periodic elections (correct)
  • Single-party system
  • Independent judiciary
  • What is the primary concern associated with party discipline among elected officials?

  • Enhanced media scrutiny
  • Greater representation of minority opinions
  • Increased voter turnout
  • Loyalty conflicts with constituents (correct)
  • What concept describes the will of the majority regarding public opinion?

  • Popular opinion (correct)
  • Demographic representation
  • Consensus decision making
  • Lobbying
  • Which of the following is a characteristic of authoritarian government?

    <p>One-party dictatorship (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does mandatory voting differ from voluntary voting in terms of voter turnout?

    <p>It leads to higher turnout rates. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key challenge in reaching a consensus in decision making?

    <p>Diversity of opinions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect can voter apathy have on liberal democracies?

    <p>Power concentration in government (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a consensus government, how are differences typically resolved?

    <p>By ongoing debate and discussion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Residential School System?

    <p>To assimilate Aboriginal children into western cultures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome for First Nations men who accepted enfranchisement under the Gradual Civilization Act?

    <p>They received land and lost their official Indian Status (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant impact of the Indian Act (1876) on Aboriginal people?

    <p>It aimed to absorb Aboriginal people into Canadian culture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main purpose of the Red Paper written in 1970?

    <p>To demand a return to traditional land ownership and treaties (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What represents a reason for nations to impose liberalism on others?

    <p>To eliminate perceived threats for self-interest (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Woodrow Wilson influence the Treaty of Versailles?

    <p>He insisted on the inclusion of democracy in the treaty (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a primary reason for the USA, Canada, and Britain to invade Afghanistan in 2001?

    <p>To remove the Taliban from power due to terrorism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the Indian Act regarding Aboriginal rights?

    <p>It restricted rights but increased awareness for cultural protection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the key reasons for the USA's invasion of Iraq in 2003?

    <p>To remove Saddam Hussein from power (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which political system is characterized by direct participation of citizens in governance?

    <p>Direct democracy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the accountability of the executive and legislative branches to each other in Canada?

    <p>Responsible government (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system of democracy allows for the election of representatives from defined electoral districts?

    <p>Parliamentary democracy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Representation by Population' mean in the context of electoral systems?

    <p>Each constituency elects a representative based on the population size (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major criticism of the first-past-the-post electoral system?

    <p>It may misrepresent the overall will of the electorate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the Governor General play in Canada’s parliamentary democracy?

    <p>They represent the Queen and dissolve Parliament in case of a non-confidence vote (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines liberal democracy?

    <p>A system where individual rights and freedoms are guaranteed and political decisions are made through elected representatives (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the international response to the invasion of Iraq in contrast to the invasion of Afghanistan?

    <p>Iraq's invasion was deemed illegal by the United Nations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What system is primarily used in Sweden and Germany for selecting parties based on popular votes?

    <p>Proportional representation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main purpose of the economic embargo against Cuba?

    <p>To contain communism and promote liberalism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes proportional representation?

    <p>Each party receives a number of seats equal to their percentage of votes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a democratic political system?

    <p>Power is derived from the consent of the governed and individual rights are guaranteed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a representative democracy?

    <p>Citizens elect representatives who make decisions on their behalf (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Residential School System

    A policy of forcing Aboriginal children into boarding schools with the goal of assimilating them into Western culture.

    Enfranchisement

    The process of granting full citizenship rights to individuals, usually by relinquishing their original status or identity.

    The Indian Act (1876)

    A Canadian law enacted in 1876, initially intended to assimilate Aboriginal people into European culture by stripping them of their rights and traditional practices.

    The Red Paper (1970)

    A 1970 document that was an Aboriginal response to the Canadian government's assimilation policies in the White Paper of 1969.

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    Imposing Liberalism

    The act of imposing an ideology, such as liberalism, upon another nation, often for self-interest or humanitarian reasons.

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    The 'War on Terror'

    A military, political, and ideological conflict led by the USA, initiated by the 9/11 terrorist attacks, where nations perceived as threats to liberal democracies are targeted.

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    Treaty of Versailles

    The treaty signed after World War I, which enforced democracy as a condition for peace and influenced the establishment of the Weimar Republic in Germany.

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    Afghanistan

    A country invaded by the USA, Canada, and Britain in 2001 to remove the Taliban from power, in response to the 'War on Terror'.

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    Representative Democracy

    A system where the government is accountable to the people, with features like regular elections, multi-party systems, and a free press.

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    Checks and Balances

    A system that ensures no single branch of government has too much power, preventing tyranny.

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    Voter Apathy

    When voters don't participate in elections, potentially weakening democracy.

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    Party Discipline

    MPs are expected to be loyal to their party and its leader, even if it conflicts with their constituents' views.

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    Rule of Law

    The idea that everyone, including government officials, must follow the law.

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    Independent Judiciary

    A court system that operates independently of the government, ensuring fair trials.

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    Lobby Groups

    Groups that advocate for specific interests, influencing government decisions.

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    Consensus Decision Making

    A process where a group of individuals share ideas and concerns to reach a decision that all members can accept.

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    Liberal Democracy

    A political system where power is vested in the people, ensuring individual rights and freedoms. Examples include Canada and the United States.

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    Direct Democracy

    A form of government where citizens directly vote on laws and policies. It's practical for small communities.

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    Parliamentary Democracy

    A system where the executive branch (government) is accountable to the legislative branch (parliament).

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    Republic

    A nation that is independent from a monarchy and governed by elected representatives. The United States is a republic.

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    First-Past-The-Post

    A system where the party that wins the most votes in a constituency gets the seat, regardless of overall votes.

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    Proportional Representation

    A system where seats in parliament are allocated based on the percentage of votes each party receives.

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    Minority Government

    A government that lacks a majority of seats in parliament, relying on alliances or coalitions to stay in power.

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    Containment

    The deliberate attempt to contain or limit the spread of communism.

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    Impositions of Liberalism for Humanitarian Reasons

    The belief that liberal nations should intervene in non-liberal nations to uphold human rights.

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    Economic Embargo

    The application of economic sanctions or restrictions to influence a country's policies or behavior.

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    Dictator

    A political leader who holds absolute power and controls all aspects of governance.

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    Big Five (Security Council)

    A group of countries that hold significant power and influence in international relations.

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    Representation by Population

    The principle that each electoral district represents a roughly equal number of people.

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    Single-Member Constituency

    An electoral district that elects a single representative to parliament.

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    Study Notes

    Residential School System

    • Designed to assimilate Aboriginal children into Western culture.
    • Imposed by the Canadian government.

    Enfranchisement

    • The Gradual Civilization Act aimed to absorb First Nations people.
    • Allowed First Nations men to give up their status for land ownership.

    The Indian Act (1876)

    • Intended to assimilate Aboriginal people into white Canadian culture.
    • Forced changes in lifestyle and traditions.
    • Ironically, led to greater awareness of Aboriginal rights and eventually the right to vote (1960) without losing cultural identity.

    The Red Paper (1970)

    • Also known as "Citizens Plus".
    • Aboriginal response to the Canadian government's assimilation policies, starting with the White Paper of 1969.
    • Created by the National Indian Brotherhood (now the AFN).
    • Called for a return to traditional land ownership and treaty rights.

    Imposing Liberalism

    • Nations impose ideologies like liberalism for self-interest (e.g., eliminating threats) and humanitarian reasons (e.g., improving living standards).

    Treaty of Versailles

    • Woodrow Wilson (US President) emphasized democracy as a peace treaty component.
    • The Weimar Republic (German) adopted democracy and elections.

    Afghanistan

    • The "War on Terror" (US-led military, political, and ideological conflict) followed terrorist attacks.
    • Afghanistan and Iraq were targets due to perceived threats to liberal democracies.
    • US, Canada, and Britain invaded Afghanistan in 2001 to remove the Taliban, who supported al-Qaeda.

    Iraq

    • Invaded in 2003, argued to be a threat to US and global security due to potential WMD use to aid terrorist groups.
    • Saddam Hussein was indicted and convicted for crimes against humanity, including mass murder.
    • The war lacked the international support of the Afghanistan conflict.
    • The UN deemed the Iraq invasion illegal, with France vetoing it.

    Impositions of Liberalism for Humanitarian Reasons

    • Example: US economic embargo against Cuba (1960) to end communism and promote liberalism.
    • Afghanistan and Iraq invasions partly based on human rights concerns regarding Taliban and Hussein regimes.

    Political Systems

    • Two main types: democracies and dictatorships.
    • Democracy (Rule by the people) – power vested in the people.
    • Liberal democracy – limits government power, guarantees individual rights.
    • Direct democracy – every voter participates (small populations).
    • Representative democracy – citizens elect representatives to govern.

    Canada's Parliamentary Democracy

    • Executive (PM) and legislative branches are accountable.
    • Vote of non-confidence can lead to the government's downfall.
    • Governor General, an appointed representative of the Queen, dissolves Parliament in a vote of no confidence.

    Liberal Democracy

    • Guarantees individual rights and freedoms.
    • Belief in individual equality.
    • Allows citizens to vote for leaders.
    • Multiple political parties.
    • Decisions made through legislature, legal rulings based on independent judiciary.

    Republican Democracy

    • Nation is independent from a monarch.
    • Representatives from constituencies using first-past-the-post system. "Representation by Population" concept.
    • Similar to presidential democracy with presidential veto power.

    Proportional Representation

    • Parties gain seats based on the percentage of votes received.
    • Closely reflects population share.
    • Disadvantages – Minority governments (unstable).

    Accountability of Elected Representatives

    • Democratic systems feature checks and balances to prevent majority tyranny.

    Party Discipline

    • MPs loyalty to party and leader.
    • MPs can dissent or complain in caucus meetings.

    Voter Apathy

    • Declining voter participation.
    • 68.5% voter turnout in the 2015 Canadian election.
    • Important for democracy to maintain citizen engagement.
    • Majority citizens' will on an issue.
    • Governments may or may not follow popular opinion.

    Consensus Decision Making

    • Resolves issues through shared concerns and solutions that all parties accept.
    • Practiced in Nunavut and Northwest Territories.

    Authoritarianism

    • Government authority in an elite group.
    • Often characterized by a single party dictatorship.
    • Rejects liberal principles, believing the party represents the people.
    • Historical examples include Adolf Hitler and Stalin.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the impact of the residential school system and government policies on Aboriginal people in Canada. Topics include the Indian Act, enfranchisement, and the Red Paper's response to assimilation efforts. Test your knowledge on these crucial aspects of Canadian history and their implications for Aboriginal rights.

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