Residential Lighting Systems and Fixtures

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What is the recommended maximum average luminance for luminous panels larger than 16 square feet?

50 footlamberts

What is the maximum average luminance that smaller luminous elements can approach?

200 footlamberts

Why are variable controls valuable in adjusting the luminance of a panel?

To adjust the luminance to desired level for room activities.

When may a uniform luminance of a luminous surface be desirable?

Dependent on spacing of the light source. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of concealed recessed or surface-mounted downlights close to a vertical surface?

To direct grazing light over the surface. Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of outdoor lighting for luminous walls.

Floodlamps directing light to a diffusing screen from behind. Signup and view all the answers

What type of lighting system is often the most suitable for commercial installations?

Grid system with lights within the grid Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of special effects that designers have access to for accent lighting?

Lamps, wall lights, spots, uplights, downlights, floods, accent lights, luminous walls, ceiling lights, skylights, architectural lighting Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided when lighting paintings, tapestries, and murals?

Shadows of frames, specular reflections, excessive differences between lighted object and surrounding areas Signup and view all the answers

What is the prime source of illumination in indirect lighting systems?

Ceiling Signup and view all the answers

How should lighting equipment be placed to avoid surface reflection of the light source and disturbing shadows?

At an angle of 30 degrees to the center of the painting Signup and view all the answers

What are some typical techniques for accent lighting of paintings, tapestries, and murals?

Lighting the entire picture wall with cornice or wall-wash equipment, using individual frame-mounted luminaires, and individual framing spots Signup and view all the answers

What must be ensured for the ceiling and upper walls in an indirect lighting system?

High reflectances Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of studying the symbols in Figure 13-1 before exploring lighting fixtures?

To understand the types of illumination provided by different fixtures Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered when lighting paintings, tapestries, and murals?

Sight-lines of people seated and standing, and the artist's intent Signup and view all the answers

What does the lighting level for reading piano or organ scores depend on?

Advanced (substandard size) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended lighting level for sewing dark fabrics?

200 Signup and view all the answers

What type of illumination is suitable for studying with occasional-high contrast requirements?

30 Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of familiarity with symbols and abbreviations in lighting design?

It is important for communication with design engineers and understanding literature connected with lighting plans. Signup and view all the answers

How is a two-wire system designated in lighting plans?

Any line without further designation indicates a two-wire system. Signup and view all the answers

What does subscript lettering in lighting plans refer to?

Subscript lettering refers to notes on drawings or detailed descriptions in specifications. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of panel boards in lighting design?

Panel boards are used for electrical distribution or electrical systems. Signup and view all the answers

How are outlets designated in lighting plans?

Outlets are designated by numbers corresponding to the listing in the schedule (A, B, C, etc.). Signup and view all the answers

What is a sculpture?

A three-dimensional object in space Signup and view all the answers

What luminance ratio is recommended for obtaining a good three-dimensional effect with transparent shadows in sculpture lighting?

Between 2 and 6 Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the modeling ratio in sculpture lighting is reduced below 2?

Lighting becomes too 'flat' and solid objects appear two-dimensional Signup and view all the answers

What issue arises when the luminance ratio in sculpture lighting exceeds approximately 6?

Contrast tends to become unpleasant with loss of detail in shadows or highlights Signup and view all the answers

What is a consideration when lighting planters for plant enhancement?

Plants may have to be rotated to maintain their beauty Signup and view all the answers

What source of light is recommended for planters to support plant growth?

Fluorescent and/or incandescent sources Signup and view all the answers