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Questions and Answers
What distinguishes research synthesis from a literature review?
Which of the following is NOT a step in the meta-analysis process?
What is the purpose of effect size calculations in meta-analysis?
Which consideration is crucial when coding studies in a meta-analysis?
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In what situation would rank-order methods be used in a meta-analysis?
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What is an essential modification to document during a systematic review?
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What is the primary objective of forming a team during a systematic review?
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Which platform is recommended for registering a systematic review?
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What is a primary characteristic of normative surveys?
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Which question type is most effective for straightforward quantitative analysis?
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What is a key benefit of pilot testing a questionnaire?
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What approach enhances response rates for surveys?
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Which of the following practices helps ensure clarity in survey questions?
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How does the Delphi Method achieve consensus among experts?
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What is one of the main challenges associated with normative surveys?
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Which response type is characterized by fixed options for easy comparison?
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Study Notes
Research Synthesis
- Combines findings from multiple studies to answer specific research questions
- Aims to support evidence-based practices, unlike explorative literature reviews
- Has a clear purpose defined before the literature search begins
Meta-Analysis
- Quantitatively combines results from various studies
- Provides a clearer understanding of an effect or research question
- Uses a systematic process with seven steps:
- Identifying the problem
- Searching literature
- Reviewing and including/excluding studies
- Evaluating and coding studies
- Calculating effect sizes
- Applying statistical analysis
- Reporting findings
- Uses theory and empirical studies to identify important characteristics for coding decisions
- Uses various effect size calculations based on experimental design
- Adjusts effect size values for accuracy
- Tests for homogeneity across studies to determine if standard or rank-order methods for statistical analysis are appropriate
Systematic Reviews
- Comprehensive review of research on a specific topic
- Summarizes and interprets findings from multiple studies
- Follows a structured process:
- Defining purpose
- Forming a team
- Registering review
- Identification of potential studies
- Screening for criteria
- Evaluating eligibility
- Including final studies
- Uses a flowchart to track steps for clear documentation
- Documents search strategies, exclusions, and final number of included studies
Surveys in Research
- Descriptive research method used to understand current conditions or attitudes
- Used for normative surveys that create standards, such as fitness norms and growth charts
Constructing Questionnaires
- Clearly defining what to measure improves results and data analysis
- Identifying the target population and using sampling methods ensures generalizability
- Tracking respondent numbers and potential sampling error is important
- Open-ended questions allow free responses and insights, but are hard to analyze
- Closed questions offer fixed responses for easier analysis (e.g., rankings, scales, categories)
Best Practices for Questionnaires
- Use clear questions, avoiding ambiguous terms
- Keep questions short
- Frame questions positively and avoid technical jargon
- Stay neutral to avoid bias
- Ensure a clear and professional appearance
- Pilot test the questionnaire on a small group
- Send reminders to increase response rates
Types of Survey Responses
- Ranking items
- Using frequency-based scales
- Likert-type scales for measuring agreement
- Providing yes/no options for categorical responses
Online Surveys
- Use effective survey software and design for easy navigation
- Avoid sensitive or private data due to widespread accessibility
Delphi Method
- Used to reach consensus among experts
- Employs multiple rounds of questionnaires with responses refined each round until agreement is achieved
Interviews
- More adaptable and insightful than surveys
- Offer higher response rates
- Allow for the observation of non-verbal cues, providing richer data
Normative Surveys
- Collects data to establish norms for attributes like abilities or beliefs
- Examples include fitness benchmarks and developmental milestones
- Require large, geographically diverse samples and trained testers
- Difficulty generalizing due to limited measured items
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Description
This quiz covers essential concepts of research synthesis and meta-analysis. You will learn about the systematic process involved in combining study results and how these methods support evidence-based practices. Test your understanding of key steps, effect sizes, and the importance of rigorous coding in research.
