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Questions and Answers
A healthcare organization is considering implementing a new fall prevention program for elderly patients. How would this translate into the elements of a clinical question?
A healthcare organization is considering implementing a new fall prevention program for elderly patients. How would this translate into the elements of a clinical question?
Which is the most appropriate framework to develop a research question exploring the lived experiences of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic?
Which is the most appropriate framework to develop a research question exploring the lived experiences of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic?
A study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a new drug ($X$) compared to the standard drug ($Y$) in reducing blood pressure in patients with hypertension over 6 months. Using the PICOT framework, what represents the 'C' element?
A study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a new drug ($X$) compared to the standard drug ($Y$) in reducing blood pressure in patients with hypertension over 6 months. Using the PICOT framework, what represents the 'C' element?
A researcher is planning a qualitative study to understand the experiences of parents who have children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Which element does 'Phenomenon of Interest' relate to in the SPIDER framework?
A researcher is planning a qualitative study to understand the experiences of parents who have children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Which element does 'Phenomenon of Interest' relate to in the SPIDER framework?
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Which of the following best describes the relationship between an independent and dependent variable in research?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between an independent and dependent variable in research?
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In evidence-informed decision making, what is the role of analyzing available information?
In evidence-informed decision making, what is the role of analyzing available information?
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A researcher is evaluating the strength and quality of evidence from multiple studies. Which process is the researcher undertaking?
A researcher is evaluating the strength and quality of evidence from multiple studies. Which process is the researcher undertaking?
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A healthcare team wants to implement a new patient care protocol based on research evidence. They decide to prioritize evidence from a meta-analysis. Why is a meta-analysis considered a high level of evidence?
A healthcare team wants to implement a new patient care protocol based on research evidence. They decide to prioritize evidence from a meta-analysis. Why is a meta-analysis considered a high level of evidence?
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A hospital implements a new hand hygiene protocol and monitors infection rates before and after the intervention. However, there is no control group. What level of evidence does this quality improvement project represent?
A hospital implements a new hand hygiene protocol and monitors infection rates before and after the intervention. However, there is no control group. What level of evidence does this quality improvement project represent?
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A clinician is developing a new program based on expert consensus and personal experience. According to evidence-based practice principles, what level of evidence is this program primarily based on?
A clinician is developing a new program based on expert consensus and personal experience. According to evidence-based practice principles, what level of evidence is this program primarily based on?
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Which type of literature review is most likely to provide an overview of the current knowledge landscape in a specific field, while also suggesting potential avenues for future research?
Which type of literature review is most likely to provide an overview of the current knowledge landscape in a specific field, while also suggesting potential avenues for future research?
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A researcher is examining the effects of a new hand-washing technique on reducing hospital-acquired infections. To ensure the most reliable and verifiable evidence, which primary source would be most suitable?
A researcher is examining the effects of a new hand-washing technique on reducing hospital-acquired infections. To ensure the most reliable and verifiable evidence, which primary source would be most suitable?
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A graduate student is compiling information for their thesis but is having issues locating peer-reviewed, published research. Which source would be considered grey literature that might be useful?
A graduate student is compiling information for their thesis but is having issues locating peer-reviewed, published research. Which source would be considered grey literature that might be useful?
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Why should healthcare professionals approach sources from CINAHL with caution?
Why should healthcare professionals approach sources from CINAHL with caution?
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A researcher is using CINAHL to find articles about the effectiveness of mindfulness practices on reducing anxiety in nursing students. Which search strategy using Boolean operators would be most effective?
A researcher is using CINAHL to find articles about the effectiveness of mindfulness practices on reducing anxiety in nursing students. Which search strategy using Boolean operators would be most effective?
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A nurse consistently uses their own past interactions with patients to inform their current care decisions. Which type of nursing knowledge is being utilized?
A nurse consistently uses their own past interactions with patients to inform their current care decisions. Which type of nursing knowledge is being utilized?
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Which paradigm emphasizes the co-creation of knowledge and the existence of multiple truths, moving away from the idea of a single, objective reality?
Which paradigm emphasizes the co-creation of knowledge and the existence of multiple truths, moving away from the idea of a single, objective reality?
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In healthcare research, which approach aligns with identifying social imbalances and empowering marginalized groups, acknowledging the limitations of purely empirical data?
In healthcare research, which approach aligns with identifying social imbalances and empowering marginalized groups, acknowledging the limitations of purely empirical data?
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A researcher aims to establish cause-and-effect relationships in a study about the effectiveness of a new medication. Which type of knowledge aligns with this research goal?
A researcher aims to establish cause-and-effect relationships in a study about the effectiveness of a new medication. Which type of knowledge aligns with this research goal?
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A healthcare professional is concerned about the distribution of resources within a hospital system. Which type of perspective would be most helpful in analyzing this issue?
A healthcare professional is concerned about the distribution of resources within a hospital system. Which type of perspective would be most helpful in analyzing this issue?
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When critically appraising a research article, which aspect relates most closely to the clarity and appropriateness of the instruments used to gather numerical information?
When critically appraising a research article, which aspect relates most closely to the clarity and appropriateness of the instruments used to gather numerical information?
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Which of the following elements is most useful when evaluating the 'Author' aspect during the critical appraisal of a research article?
Which of the following elements is most useful when evaluating the 'Author' aspect during the critical appraisal of a research article?
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In the context of the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI), how do 'Health promotion & Disease Prevention' initiatives primarily contribute to overall healthcare assessment?
In the context of the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI), how do 'Health promotion & Disease Prevention' initiatives primarily contribute to overall healthcare assessment?
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When evaluating the rigor and trustworthiness of a qualitative study, which indicator is typically assessed to ensure the depth and comprehensiveness of the data collected?
When evaluating the rigor and trustworthiness of a qualitative study, which indicator is typically assessed to ensure the depth and comprehensiveness of the data collected?
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Which type of nursing knowledge involves understanding the historical, cultural, and societal factors that influence health and healthcare practices?
Which type of nursing knowledge involves understanding the historical, cultural, and societal factors that influence health and healthcare practices?
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In a study examining the effect of a new medication on blood pressure, researchers ensure that all participants have similar lifestyles and pre-existing health conditions. Which element of a quantitative framework does this consideration primarily address?
In a study examining the effect of a new medication on blood pressure, researchers ensure that all participants have similar lifestyles and pre-existing health conditions. Which element of a quantitative framework does this consideration primarily address?
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A researcher is developing a study to explore the lived experiences of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the framework evolving as data is collected and analyzed. Which type of framework is most aligned with this approach?
A researcher is developing a study to explore the lived experiences of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the framework evolving as data is collected and analyzed. Which type of framework is most aligned with this approach?
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A study begins with a well-established theory about the relationship between exercise and mental health. The researchers then collect data to test specific hypotheses derived from this theory. Which type of reasoning is being employed?
A study begins with a well-established theory about the relationship between exercise and mental health. The researchers then collect data to test specific hypotheses derived from this theory. Which type of reasoning is being employed?
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Which of the following best describes the role of a theoretical framework in research?
Which of the following best describes the role of a theoretical framework in research?
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A researcher notices that in every observed instance, students who attend tutoring sessions perform better on exams. Based on these observations the researcher concludes that tutoring improves exam performance. What type of reasoning is demonstrated?
A researcher notices that in every observed instance, students who attend tutoring sessions perform better on exams. Based on these observations the researcher concludes that tutoring improves exam performance. What type of reasoning is demonstrated?
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A researcher aims to study the impact of a new teaching method on student test scores. To ensure internal validity, they control the students' prior academic performance and socioeconomic status. Which element of research design is the researcher primarily addressing?
A researcher aims to study the impact of a new teaching method on student test scores. To ensure internal validity, they control the students' prior academic performance and socioeconomic status. Which element of research design is the researcher primarily addressing?
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Which of the following strategies is most aligned with enhancing the 'accuracy' of a quantitative research study?
Which of the following strategies is most aligned with enhancing the 'accuracy' of a quantitative research study?
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A research team is investigating the effectiveness of a new drug using an experimental design. To what extent does random assignment of participants to treatment groups contribute to the study's validity?
A research team is investigating the effectiveness of a new drug using an experimental design. To what extent does random assignment of participants to treatment groups contribute to the study's validity?
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In designing a quantitative study, a researcher decides to use a very specific inclusion criteria for participants to minimize variability within the sample. What consideration is the researcher primarily addressing?
In designing a quantitative study, a researcher decides to use a very specific inclusion criteria for participants to minimize variability within the sample. What consideration is the researcher primarily addressing?
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A researcher is planning a study to examine the relationship between exercise and stress levels. They aim to manipulate the exercise variable while ensuring all other factors remain constant for all participants. Which 'element of research design' is this researcher focusing on?
A researcher is planning a study to examine the relationship between exercise and stress levels. They aim to manipulate the exercise variable while ensuring all other factors remain constant for all participants. Which 'element of research design' is this researcher focusing on?
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A researcher is conducting a study on the effectiveness of a new teaching method but notices that students' test scores improve simply because they are becoming more familiar with the test format. Which threat to internal validity is most likely affecting the study?
A researcher is conducting a study on the effectiveness of a new teaching method but notices that students' test scores improve simply because they are becoming more familiar with the test format. Which threat to internal validity is most likely affecting the study?
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A researcher aims to study the impact of a new teaching method on student test scores. Due to administrative constraints, they cannot randomly assign students to different classrooms. Which quantitative research design is most appropriate in this scenario?
A researcher aims to study the impact of a new teaching method on student test scores. Due to administrative constraints, they cannot randomly assign students to different classrooms. Which quantitative research design is most appropriate in this scenario?
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A longitudinal study examining the effects of exercise on cognitive function loses a significant number of participants over the course of the study due to various reasons such as relocation or loss of interest. This loss of participants introduces which threat to internal validity?
A longitudinal study examining the effects of exercise on cognitive function loses a significant number of participants over the course of the study due to various reasons such as relocation or loss of interest. This loss of participants introduces which threat to internal validity?
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Researchers find that their study on a new therapy shows promising results in a highly controlled laboratory setting. However, when implemented in a real-world clinical setting, the therapy's effectiveness is significantly reduced. Which threat to external validity best explains this discrepancy?
Researchers find that their study on a new therapy shows promising results in a highly controlled laboratory setting. However, when implemented in a real-world clinical setting, the therapy's effectiveness is significantly reduced. Which threat to external validity best explains this discrepancy?
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In a study evaluating the effects of a new drug on blood pressure, researchers measure patients' blood pressure before and after the drug administration, without a control group. Which type of quasi-experimental design does this represent?
In a study evaluating the effects of a new drug on blood pressure, researchers measure patients' blood pressure before and after the drug administration, without a control group. Which type of quasi-experimental design does this represent?
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A healthcare organization is interested in understanding the relationship between nurses' job satisfaction and patient satisfaction scores. The organization collects data on both variables simultaneously. Which non-experimental design is most appropriate?
A healthcare organization is interested in understanding the relationship between nurses' job satisfaction and patient satisfaction scores. The organization collects data on both variables simultaneously. Which non-experimental design is most appropriate?
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A researcher wants to study the effectiveness of a new drug on a specific population, but struggles to recruit a diverse sample, primarily enrolling participants from a single socioeconomic background. Which threat to external validity is most prominent in this scenario?
A researcher wants to study the effectiveness of a new drug on a specific population, but struggles to recruit a diverse sample, primarily enrolling participants from a single socioeconomic background. Which threat to external validity is most prominent in this scenario?
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A study aims to measure the impact of a new educational program on student performance. However, mid-way through the study, a major policy change is implemented in the school district that affects all students. This policy change introduces which threat to internal validity?
A study aims to measure the impact of a new educational program on student performance. However, mid-way through the study, a major policy change is implemented in the school district that affects all students. This policy change introduces which threat to internal validity?
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A researcher wants to investigate the accuracy and consistency of a newly developed pain assessment tool across different patient populations. Which non-experimental research approach would be most suitable for this purpose?
A researcher wants to investigate the accuracy and consistency of a newly developed pain assessment tool across different patient populations. Which non-experimental research approach would be most suitable for this purpose?
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Researchers are conducting a study to determine the long-term effects of childhood trauma on adult mental health outcomes. They plan to collect data from the same group of participants at multiple time points over a span of 20 years. Which type of non-experimental design are they employing?
Researchers are conducting a study to determine the long-term effects of childhood trauma on adult mental health outcomes. They plan to collect data from the same group of participants at multiple time points over a span of 20 years. Which type of non-experimental design are they employing?
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A researcher uses a dataset collected five years ago to investigate the correlation between socioeconomic status and childhood obesity. This type of quantitative study is best described as what?
A researcher uses a dataset collected five years ago to investigate the correlation between socioeconomic status and childhood obesity. This type of quantitative study is best described as what?
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A public health department is tracking the number of new cases of influenza each month to understand the rate at which the illness is spreading in the community. Which epidemiological measure are they primarily focused on?
A public health department is tracking the number of new cases of influenza each month to understand the rate at which the illness is spreading in the community. Which epidemiological measure are they primarily focused on?
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Which type of literature review is characterized by its combination of both qualitative and quantitative studies to provide a comprehensive understanding of a phenomenon?
Which type of literature review is characterized by its combination of both qualitative and quantitative studies to provide a comprehensive understanding of a phenomenon?
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Researchers aim to determine the overall effect of a specific intervention by statistically combining the results of multiple independent studies. Which type of study are the researchers conducting?
Researchers aim to determine the overall effect of a specific intervention by statistically combining the results of multiple independent studies. Which type of study are the researchers conducting?
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What is the primary purpose of the Cochrane Collaboration?
What is the primary purpose of the Cochrane Collaboration?
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Flashcards
Evidence Informed Decision Making
Evidence Informed Decision Making
Using available evidence to guide choices in care protocols.
Clinical Question
Clinical Question
A specific query aimed at making immediate care decisions involving situation, intervention, and outcome.
PILOT
PILOT
A framework for conducting quantitative research to gather statistical data.
SPIDER framework
SPIDER framework
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5 Elements of Research (PICO)
5 Elements of Research (PICO)
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Independent variable
Independent variable
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Dependent variable
Dependent variable
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Levels of Evidence
Levels of Evidence
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Meta-analysis
Meta-analysis
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Critical Appraisal
Critical Appraisal
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SPIDER
SPIDER
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Rigor & Trustworthiness
Rigor & Trustworthiness
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Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI)
Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI)
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Literature Review
Literature Review
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Primary Source
Primary Source
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Grey Literature
Grey Literature
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CINAHL
CINAHL
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PCAS Levels
PCAS Levels
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Ways of Knowing
Ways of Knowing
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Ontology
Ontology
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Epistemology
Epistemology
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Positivism
Positivism
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Constructionism
Constructionism
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Ladder of Abstraction
Ladder of Abstraction
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Conceptual Framework
Conceptual Framework
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Theoretical Framework
Theoretical Framework
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Inductive Reasoning
Inductive Reasoning
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Quantitative Framework
Quantitative Framework
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Internal Validity
Internal Validity
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Threats to Internal Validity
Threats to Internal Validity
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External Validity
External Validity
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Threats to External Validity
Threats to External Validity
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Selection Effects
Selection Effects
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Subjective Research
Subjective Research
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Objective Research
Objective Research
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Elements of Research Design
Elements of Research Design
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Control in Research
Control in Research
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Randomization
Randomization
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Secondary Analysis
Secondary Analysis
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Epidemiological Studies
Epidemiological Studies
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Prevalence
Prevalence
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Incidence
Incidence
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Cochrane Collaboration
Cochrane Collaboration
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Experimental/RCT
Experimental/RCT
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Quasi-experimental
Quasi-experimental
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Non-experimental design
Non-experimental design
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Correlational study
Correlational study
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Survey Studies
Survey Studies
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