Research process

• Biology, metaphysics, calculus, arithmetic, and chemistry belong to the science of discovery.
• Epistemology is "The study of knowledge" or "justified belief".
• When particular situations are used to make or interfere broad general ideas, the deductive/inductive research approach is applied.
• With the relationships that a variable form with other variables and with research, they are classified as dependent, independent, strange, controllable or uncontrollable.
• Research can be approached in qualitative, quantitative, basic/applied, deductive/inductive ways.
• "Science" refers to systematically acquiring knowledge and "scientific" its application.
• When formulating a hypothesis, variables, a measurable and a testable scenario must be included.
• According to Kerlinger, the phenomenon must be observable, include at least two variables, and the problem must not contain unanswered questions.
• The two main research philosophies that enclose the different kinds of research methodologies are the positivistic and the phenomenological.
• Important recommendations and strategies to identify and extract information for your research include:
  • Take enough time for reading
  • Start reviewing abstracts, the index of contents, the conclusions, or its cited sources to decide if aspects handled in the source relate to your research problem
  • Comprehend before decoding academic text
  • Identify diverse opinions regarding a topic
  • Make charts and concept maps
• A research topic must be attractive, new (or with a new approach), accessible and useful.
• The hypothesis is an explanation of a phenomenon, while the prediction is what you infer logically.
• The word science does not come from the Latin word episteme which means “having knowledge".
• The hypothesis tested in the first place is the null or the main hypothesis.
• The theoretical framework is used for explaining and situating the research problem in a given context and includes the most recent stage of the research problem's fundamental concepts.
• In order for any research to be considered justified, it must address the following points:
  • Convenience
  • Social relevance
  • Practical implications
  • Theoretical value
  • Methodological utility
• The steps of the research process with the purpose to conceive the research idea are:
  • Conceive the idea
  • Topic selection
  • Establishment of objectives, questions, and hypothesis
  • Construction of theorical framework
  • Design of the methodological strategy
  • Data gathering and interpretation
  • Report elaboration
• According to the comprehension level, there are different ways to read texts including:
  • Local, global, elaborative, and critical reading
• Three common restrictions when performing a research project include:
  • Ethical issues
  • Legal prohibitions
  • Bad environmental conditions
• Legal and ethical conditions for the research and having enough financial resources are not the only factors to consider in the viability of a research project, there are other factors like:
  • Time
  • Available resources
  • Feasibility

Overview of scientific research including variables, hypothesis formulation, and research methods (qualitative, quantitative, deductive/inductive). Key philosophies and observable phenomena are highlighted.