Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of the results section in a research paper?
What is the primary purpose of the results section in a research paper?
What should figures and tables in the results section aim to achieve?
What should figures and tables in the results section aim to achieve?
Which step is NOT included in composing the results section?
Which step is NOT included in composing the results section?
How should figures be organized in a research paper?
How should figures be organized in a research paper?
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What distinguishes the results section from the discussion section?
What distinguishes the results section from the discussion section?
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How should the findings be presented in the Results section?
How should the findings be presented in the Results section?
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What should be included in the Results section?
What should be included in the Results section?
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When presenting results from a broad study with multiple variables, what is essential to focus on?
When presenting results from a broad study with multiple variables, what is essential to focus on?
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Which of the following is NOT a recommended method for organizing the Results section?
Which of the following is NOT a recommended method for organizing the Results section?
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What type of analysis should accompany the data in the Results section?
What type of analysis should accompany the data in the Results section?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the inclusion of data in the Results section?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the inclusion of data in the Results section?
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Why should explanations and interpretations be omitted from the Results section?
Why should explanations and interpretations be omitted from the Results section?
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What should be included in the closing paragraph of the results section?
What should be included in the closing paragraph of the results section?
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Which aspect should be emphasized when presenting survey results regarding patient satisfaction?
Which aspect should be emphasized when presenting survey results regarding patient satisfaction?
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How should different categories of survey results be approached in the results section?
How should different categories of survey results be approached in the results section?
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What type of data is best suited for illustrating patient satisfaction in survey results?
What type of data is best suited for illustrating patient satisfaction in survey results?
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When interpreting tables and figures in the results, what should the focus be on?
When interpreting tables and figures in the results, what should the focus be on?
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What is indicated by the use of Likert items in survey results?
What is indicated by the use of Likert items in survey results?
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What should be done after assessing the data from one figure in the results section?
What should be done after assessing the data from one figure in the results section?
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Which type of analysis should be used to describe responses on the opposite end of the survey spectrum?
Which type of analysis should be used to describe responses on the opposite end of the survey spectrum?
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Study Notes
Research Paper Results Section
- Represents the core findings of a study, derived from applied methods.
- Presents findings logically, without bias or interpretation from the author.
- Sets up the reader for later interpretation and evaluation in the Discussion section.
- Answers the basic question: "What did you find in your research?"
Content of the Results Section
- Breakdown data into sentences showing its significance to the research question(s).
- Summarizes and presents findings in context with the research question(s).
- Presents study data in a logical sequence, without bias or interpretation.
- Findings can be in written text, tables, graphs, or other illustrations.
- Includes contextual analysis of data tied to the research question(s).
What is Included in the Results Section
- Findings of the study only.
- Data presented in tables, charts, graphs, or figures (might be on separate pages).
- Contextual analysis of data, explaining its meaning in sentence form.
- All data corresponding to the central research question(s).
- All secondary findings (e.g., secondary outcomes, subgroup analyses).
Scope of the Study and Results Section
- If the study's scope is broad, or variables/methodology yield a wide range of results, the author should present only relevant results to the research question stated in the Introduction section.
- Information not presenting direct findings (outcomes of the study) should be omitted.
Organizing Results
- Best way to organize is logically.
- One approach is to present results alongside the research questions, providing data related to each question.
- Begin with an introduction to connect results to research questions.
- Present findings thematically or chronologically, highlighting important, interesting, or significant findings.
- Include a closing paragraph summarizing key findings.
Example Research Question and Presentation
- Research question: "What do hospital patients over age 55 think about postoperative care?"
- Can be used as a heading within the Results section.
- E.g., "Attitudes towards postoperative care in patients over the age of 55."
Presenting Results (Specific Examples)
- Present results addressing a research question first.
- Table illustrating survey data (e.g., Likert items).
- Tables can include standard deviations, probabilities, correlation matrices, etc.
- Content analysis (in words) of a section of survey or data table.
Positive Survey Responses
- Start with survey responses (positive) using descriptive phrases e.g, "Sixty-five percent of patients over 55 responded positively to the question..."
- Include analyses and descriptions based on how much interpretation of tables/data is needed for significance.
Additional Research Questions and Analysis
- Move to next research question/topic after analyzing presented data in depth.
- Example Question: "How does patient satisfaction correspond to in-hospital improvements made to postoperative care?"
- Present content analysis of another part of the spectrum (e.g., negative or neutral responses to the survey).
Tables and Figures (Referencing)
- Follow journal requirements for figures placement (order, clarity).
- If multiple variables/research questions exist, split figures.
- Reference and analyze figures under separate headings or paragraphs.
Steps for Writing the Results Section
- Consult journal guidelines/instructions and published research.
- Organize research results relative to the journal's requirements.
- Design figures and tables.
- Draft Results section using organized findings and figures.
- Review, edit, and revise until the draft accurately reports the results.
Results vs. Discussion
- The results section presents facts in an unbiased manner.
- Avoid interpreting the data; this is the role of the discussion.
- The results section provides the stage for the discussion section.
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Description
Test your understanding of the Results section in research papers. This quiz covers the core components, presentation methods, and significance of findings in relation to the research question. Ensure you grasp how to present data logically and without bias.
