Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a primary limitation of case studies in research?
What is a primary limitation of case studies in research?
- They are overly generalizable to the larger population.
- They provide rich information but have low external validity. (correct)
- They rely on invasive methods of data collection.
- They require a large sample size.
What is a key advantage of naturalistic observation?
What is a key advantage of naturalistic observation?
- It allows for highly controlled experimental conditions.
- It provides high external validity. (correct)
- It enables researchers to manipulate variables effectively.
- It guarantees avoidance of reactivity.
What is a potential drawback of archival research?
What is a potential drawback of archival research?
- There may be a lack of quality control and internal validity. (correct)
- It can interfere with personal privacy.
- It requires significant time and resources to collect data.
- It provides completely accurate and valid data.
What is a common issue associated with survey research?
What is a common issue associated with survey research?
Which research method is most likely to provide rich contextual data?
Which research method is most likely to provide rich contextual data?
What aspect of internal validity is a concern with naturalistic observation?
What aspect of internal validity is a concern with naturalistic observation?
What issue does the term 'malingering' refer to in survey research?
What issue does the term 'malingering' refer to in survey research?
Which research method is best known for allowing researchers to analyze large datasets without conducting original data collection?
Which research method is best known for allowing researchers to analyze large datasets without conducting original data collection?
What does social desirability bias refer to?
What does social desirability bias refer to?
Which of the following accurately describes validity in testing?
Which of the following accurately describes validity in testing?
What is the purpose of operational definitions in research?
What is the purpose of operational definitions in research?
What is the main limitation of correlational studies?
What is the main limitation of correlational studies?
What does random assignment achieve in experimental designs?
What does random assignment achieve in experimental designs?
What is the correlation coefficient range and its implications?
What is the correlation coefficient range and its implications?
Which of the following defines the placebo effect?
Which of the following defines the placebo effect?
What characterizes quasi-experimental designs?
What characterizes quasi-experimental designs?
Flashcards
Case Study
Case Study
A research method focusing on one or two individuals to identify patterns or characteristics.
Naturalistic Observation
Naturalistic Observation
Observing subjects in their natural environments without interference.
Archival Research
Archival Research
Analyzing existing data from records or databases.
Surveys
Surveys
Signup and view all the flashcards
External Validity
External Validity
Signup and view all the flashcards
Internal Validity
Internal Validity
Signup and view all the flashcards
Reactivity
Reactivity
Signup and view all the flashcards
Response Bias/Error
Response Bias/Error
Signup and view all the flashcards
Social Desirability Bias
Social Desirability Bias
Signup and view all the flashcards
Operational Definition
Operational Definition
Signup and view all the flashcards
Reliability
Reliability
Signup and view all the flashcards
Correlation Coefficient
Correlation Coefficient
Signup and view all the flashcards
Illusory Correlation
Illusory Correlation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Confounds
Confounds
Signup and view all the flashcards
Random Assignment
Random Assignment
Signup and view all the flashcards
Validity
Validity
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Research Methods Toolbox
-
Case studies: Focus on 1-2 individuals to demonstrate a phenomenon. Low external validity (as findings may not generalize to the broader population). High internal validity (high in rich detailed information).
-
Naturalistic observation: Observing behavior in natural settings without interference. High external validity, but potential for low internal validity (lack of control). Reactivity is a concern as the subjects often change their behavior knowing they are being observed.
-
Archival research: Analysis of pre-existing data (records, databases). Easy to conduct, but issues with internal and external validity due to unknown biases and limitations of the original data. A non-invasive research method.
-
Surveys: Collecting self-reported information. Convenient and easy to conduct but can suffer from response errors/biases (e.g., social desirability). High generalizability to large populations.
Reliability & Validity
-
Reliability: Consistency of measurements over time. Assessing internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and inter-rater reliability.
-
Validity: Measures what it intends to measure. Assessing face validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity.
Correlational Studies
- Correlational studies show the relationship between two variables.
- The correlation coefficient (r) represents the strength and direction of the relationship (-1 to +1). +1 is a perfect positive correlation, -1 is a perfect negative correlation, and 0 indicates no correlation.
- Correlation does not equal causation.
Experimental Designs
- Confounds: Rival hypotheses, uncontrolled variables that might explain the observed effect.
- Random assignment: Essential for controlling extraneous factors in an experiment.
- Placebo effect: When participants respond to an inert treatment.
- Participant demands: Participants behaving as expected influencing the results.
- Experimenter effects: Experimenter bias influencing the observations.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore key research methods used in psychology through this quiz. Learn about case studies, naturalistic observation, archival research, and surveys, along with their reliability and validity. Test your understanding of how these methods fit into the broader research landscape.
