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Questions and Answers
What is internal validity?
Which of the following describes external validity?
Define positive correlation.
A positive correlation indicates that as one variable increases, the other variable also increases.
What is a dependent variable?
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What are confounding variables?
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In a ______ design, the same subjects are exposed to all experimental conditions.
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In a ______ design, different subjects are assigned to different conditions.
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Study Notes
Validity Types
- Instruct Validity: Refers to the degree to which the instructions provided to participants align with the intended research study and accurately inform them about their tasks.
- Internal Validity: Measures whether the effects observed in a study can be attributed to the independent variable rather than other factors. High internal validity minimizes confounding variables.
- External Validity: Reflects the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other contexts, populations, and settings beyond the study itself.
Correlation Types
- Positive Correlation: Indicates a relationship where an increase in one variable results in an increase in another. For example, studying more hours typically leads to higher test scores.
- Negative Correlation: Signifies an inverse relationship, where an increase in one variable results in a decrease in another. For example, increased screen time may correlate with lower academic performance.
Variables in Research
- Independent Variables: The variables that researchers manipulate to observe their effect on the dependent variable. They are controlled to test their impact.
- Dependent Variables: The outcome variables that are measured in response to the independent variable. They depend on the manipulation of the independent variable.
- Confounding Variables: Extraneous variables that can influence the relationship between independent and dependent variables, potentially skewing results if not controlled.
Research Designs
- Within-Subject Design: A research method where the same participants are exposed to all levels of the independent variable. This design helps control for individual differences but may introduce carryover effects.
- Between-Subject Design: Involves different participants experiencing each level of the independent variable separately, reducing carryover effects but potentially introducing variability due to individual differences.
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Description
Test your understanding of key concepts in research methods such as validity, correlation, and variable types. This quiz covers internal and external validity, independent and dependent variables, and the differences between within-subject and between-subject designs. Perfect for psychology students looking to reinforce their knowledge!
