Research Methods Overview Quiz
32 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the role of the independent variable in research?

  • To provide additional context for data analysis
  • To cause a change in the dependent variable (correct)
  • To measure the outcome of the study
  • To control external factors in the experiment

Which type of error occurs when the null hypothesis is rejected even though it is true?

  • Type I Error (correct)
  • Measurement Error
  • Type II Error
  • Sampling Error

Which data type is characterized by having a true absolute zero?

  • Nominal
  • Ratio (correct)
  • Interval
  • Ordinal

In probability sampling, which method ensures that every member of the population has an equal chance of selection?

<p>Simple Random Sampling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the alternative hypothesis propose in a study?

<p>That relationships exist between variables (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of sampling refers to subsets of individuals that share a specific characteristic?

<p>Stratum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following data types is an example of rank-ordered category?

<p>Pain Scale (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a Type II Error signify in hypothesis testing?

<p>Accepting a null hypothesis when it is false (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which research design is characterized by the manipulation of variables by the researcher and includes both control and experimental groups?

<p>True Experimental Research (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key criterion that distinguishes true experimental research from quasi-experimental research?

<p>Randomization of subjects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of research is primarily concerned with exploring the relationships between variables rather than establishing cause and effect?

<p>Non-Experimental Exploratory Research (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which research design does the researcher collect, code, and analyze data to develop a theory?

<p>Grounded Theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes a Cohort study?

<p>It follows subjects over time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following designs is considered the gold standard among experimental research?

<p>Randomized Controlled Trial (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of qualitative research designs such as Ethnography?

<p>Focus on culture and behaviors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which research design involves measuring data from multiple subjects at a single point in time?

<p>Cross Sectional Study (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the mean represent in measures of central tendency?

<p>The average of the scores (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a distribution with a tail to the left?

<p>Negatively Skewed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a bell curve, what does a mesokurtic curve represent?

<p>Normal distribution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test is classified as non-parametric?

<p>Wilcoxon Rank Test (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes variance in the context of measures of variation?

<p>The difference among the scores (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a transformation test?

<p>To graphically illustrate the relationship of two variables (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a leptokurtic curve?

<p>Values are concentrated around the mean (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test is appropriate for analyzing ordinal data?

<p>Spearman Rho (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of internal validity in research?

<p>The direct cause-and-effect relationship between the independent and dependent variables. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sampling method involves selecting participants based on specific criteria?

<p>Purposive sampling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a threat to external validity?

<p>Interaction of treatment and selection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does sensitivity in a test relate to true positives?

<p>It indicates the ability to detect a positive result when the condition is actually present. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does high specificity in a test imply?

<p>A positive result can reliably rule in the diagnosis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reliability is assessed between two or more raters during a single trial?

<p>Intertester Reliability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a threat to internal validity?

<p>Interaction of treatment and setting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Carry Over Effect' refer to in research?

<p>The influence of prior treatment on future treatment responses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Research

A structured investigation of facts and connections.

True Experimental Research

Research showing cause-and-effect relationships, with randomization, researcher manipulation, and controlled groups.

Quasi-Experimental Research

Research showing cause-and-effect relationships, but lacks one or more true experimental characteristics (e.g., randomization).

Non-Experimental Descriptive Research

Research describing characteristics, attitudes, behaviors, beliefs, etc., without attempting to establish cause.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Systematic Review

A comprehensive analysis of many research studies on a topic.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Meta-Analysis

Statistically combining results from several research studies.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cohort Study

A prospective study that follows a group of subjects over time.

Signup and view all the flashcards

RCT (Randomized Controlled Trial)

The gold standard of experimental research, using randomization to assign subjects to groups.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Purposive Sampling

A sampling technique where participants are chosen based on specific criteria, usually for their expertise or unique characteristics.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Snowball Sampling

A sampling technique where participants refer other potential participants, creating a chain referral.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Quota Sampling

A sampling technique used when proportions need to be maintained within a sample, reflecting the demographics of the population.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Internal Validity

The extent to which a study's results are due to the independent variable and not other factors.

Signup and view all the flashcards

External Validity

The extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other populations and settings.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hawthorne Effect

The tendency of participants to perform better simply because they know they are being observed.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Placebo Effect

The tendency of participants to experience a perceived benefit from a sham treatment, purely due to psychological factors.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Reliability

The consistency and reproducibility of a research finding, ensuring minimal error.

Signup and view all the flashcards

A-B-A-B Design

A research design where the independent variable is introduced, then removed, then introduced again, to see its effect on the dependent variable. This helps determine if the IV is truly causing changes in the DV.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Independent Variable

The factor that is manipulated or changed by the researcher to see its effect on the dependent variable.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dependent Variable

The factor that is measured or observed to see if it changes in response to the independent variable.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hypothesis

A testable prediction about the relationship between two or more variables.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Alternative Hypothesis

Statement that proposes a relationship exists between variables, expecting or assuming a specific outcome.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Null Hypothesis

Statement that proposes NO relationship exists between variables, not expecting or assuming any outcome.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Type 1 Error

Rejecting the null hypothesis when it's actually true, suggesting an effect exists when it doesn't.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Type 2 Error

Accepting the null hypothesis when it's false, claiming no effect exists when it does.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mean

The average of a set of scores, calculated by summing all scores and dividing by the number of scores.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Median

The middle score in a dataset when arranged from lowest to highest. If there are two middle scores, it's the average of those.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mode

The score that appears most frequently in a dataset.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Range

The difference between the highest and lowest scores in a dataset.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Standard Deviation

A measure of how much scores vary around the mean. A higher standard deviation indicates greater variability.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Variance

The square of the standard deviation. It's a measure of how spread out the data is.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Positively Skewed Distribution

A distribution where the tail is longer on the right side, indicating that most scores are below the average.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Negatively Skewed Distribution

A distribution where the tail is longer on the left side, indicating that most scores are above the average.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Research Methods Overview

  • Research is a structured process for investigating facts and exploring connections.
  • Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) considers current best evidence, patient capacity, and age.
  • True experimental research establishes cause-and-effect relationships. This includes randomization, manipulated variables, and control/experimental groups.
  • Quasi-experimental research lacks one or more of the criteria for true experimental research.
  • Non-experimental descriptive research aims to describe characteristics, attitudes, behavior, beliefs, and relationships between variables.
  • Nonexperimental exploratory research examines connections and links between variables.

Types of Research Designs

  • Synthesized literature:
    • Systematic reviews provide a comprehensive analysis of existing literature.
    • Meta-analyses statistically combine results from multiple researches (strong approach).
  • Qualitative research:
    • Phenomenology examines specific events.
    • Ethnography focuses on cultures, attitudes, behaviors, and traditions.
    • Grounded theory uses data analysis to develop new theories (inductive approach from specific to general).
  • Quantitative research:
    • Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) are considered the gold standard.

Variables in Research

  • Independent variable is the cause or predictor.
  • Dependent variable is the effect or target.
  • Intervening variable influences the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.
  • Research title describes the core elements.

Hypothesis

  • Hypotheses are educated guesses that either expect or do not expect outcome.
  • Alternative Hypothesis makes a specific expectation.
  • Null Hypothesis presumes no difference or effect.
  • Errors in hypotheses:
    • Type 1 error is rejecting a true null hypothesis.
    • Type 2 error is accepting a false null hypothesis.

Data Types

  • Nominal data presents categories.
  • Ordinal data can be ranked.
  • Interval data are ranked with known distances, but no absolute zero.
  • Ratio data has an absolute zero and is the highest level of measurement.

Sampling Methods

  • Probability sampling methods include Simple Random Sampling, Stratified Random Sampling, Systematic Sampling, and Cluster Sampling.
  • Non-probability sampling methods include Convenience Sampling, Purposive Sampling, Snowball Sampling, and Quota Sampling.

Validity and Reliability in Research

  • Internal validity determines if the independent variable is the actual cause of change in the dependent variable.
  • External validity assesses the generalizability to other populations and settings.
  • Reliability indicates the consistency and reproducibility of the research findings.

Research Design Tests

  • Chi-square, T-Tests (paired and independent), ANOVA, and other tests are used to analyze different types of data.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Research - Gold Rank Intensive Review Baguio Batch 2017 PDF

Description

Test your understanding of the various research methods used in scientific studies. This quiz covers experimental, quasi-experimental, descriptive, and exploratory research designs, as well as synthesized literature and qualitative research approaches. Enhance your knowledge about how these methods influence evidence-based practice.

More Like This

Research Design and Sampling Methods Quiz
5 questions

Research Design and Sampling Methods Quiz

UnfetteredTragedy avatar
UnfetteredTragedy
Research Methods Overview
12 questions

Research Methods Overview

TidyLaplace avatar
TidyLaplace
Experimental Research Methods Quiz
39 questions

Experimental Research Methods Quiz

IntuitiveTortoise7363 avatar
IntuitiveTortoise7363
Non-Experimental Research Design
23 questions

Non-Experimental Research Design

CleanestBlessing2351 avatar
CleanestBlessing2351
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser