Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the role of the independent variable in research?
What is the role of the independent variable in research?
Which type of error occurs when the null hypothesis is rejected even though it is true?
Which type of error occurs when the null hypothesis is rejected even though it is true?
Which data type is characterized by having a true absolute zero?
Which data type is characterized by having a true absolute zero?
In probability sampling, which method ensures that every member of the population has an equal chance of selection?
In probability sampling, which method ensures that every member of the population has an equal chance of selection?
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What does the alternative hypothesis propose in a study?
What does the alternative hypothesis propose in a study?
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Which component of sampling refers to subsets of individuals that share a specific characteristic?
Which component of sampling refers to subsets of individuals that share a specific characteristic?
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Which of the following data types is an example of rank-ordered category?
Which of the following data types is an example of rank-ordered category?
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What does a Type II Error signify in hypothesis testing?
What does a Type II Error signify in hypothesis testing?
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Which research design is characterized by the manipulation of variables by the researcher and includes both control and experimental groups?
Which research design is characterized by the manipulation of variables by the researcher and includes both control and experimental groups?
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What is a key criterion that distinguishes true experimental research from quasi-experimental research?
What is a key criterion that distinguishes true experimental research from quasi-experimental research?
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Which type of research is primarily concerned with exploring the relationships between variables rather than establishing cause and effect?
Which type of research is primarily concerned with exploring the relationships between variables rather than establishing cause and effect?
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In which research design does the researcher collect, code, and analyze data to develop a theory?
In which research design does the researcher collect, code, and analyze data to develop a theory?
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Which statement accurately describes a Cohort study?
Which statement accurately describes a Cohort study?
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Which of the following designs is considered the gold standard among experimental research?
Which of the following designs is considered the gold standard among experimental research?
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What is a distinguishing feature of qualitative research designs such as Ethnography?
What is a distinguishing feature of qualitative research designs such as Ethnography?
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Which research design involves measuring data from multiple subjects at a single point in time?
Which research design involves measuring data from multiple subjects at a single point in time?
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What does the mean represent in measures of central tendency?
What does the mean represent in measures of central tendency?
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Which term describes a distribution with a tail to the left?
Which term describes a distribution with a tail to the left?
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In a bell curve, what does a mesokurtic curve represent?
In a bell curve, what does a mesokurtic curve represent?
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Which test is classified as non-parametric?
Which test is classified as non-parametric?
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Which of the following best describes variance in the context of measures of variation?
Which of the following best describes variance in the context of measures of variation?
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What is the purpose of a transformation test?
What is the purpose of a transformation test?
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What characterizes a leptokurtic curve?
What characterizes a leptokurtic curve?
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Which test is appropriate for analyzing ordinal data?
Which test is appropriate for analyzing ordinal data?
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What is the main focus of internal validity in research?
What is the main focus of internal validity in research?
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Which sampling method involves selecting participants based on specific criteria?
Which sampling method involves selecting participants based on specific criteria?
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Which of the following describes a threat to external validity?
Which of the following describes a threat to external validity?
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How does sensitivity in a test relate to true positives?
How does sensitivity in a test relate to true positives?
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What does high specificity in a test imply?
What does high specificity in a test imply?
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What type of reliability is assessed between two or more raters during a single trial?
What type of reliability is assessed between two or more raters during a single trial?
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Which of the following is NOT a threat to internal validity?
Which of the following is NOT a threat to internal validity?
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What does the term 'Carry Over Effect' refer to in research?
What does the term 'Carry Over Effect' refer to in research?
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Study Notes
Research Methods Overview
- Research is a structured process for investigating facts and exploring connections.
- Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) considers current best evidence, patient capacity, and age.
- True experimental research establishes cause-and-effect relationships. This includes randomization, manipulated variables, and control/experimental groups.
- Quasi-experimental research lacks one or more of the criteria for true experimental research.
- Non-experimental descriptive research aims to describe characteristics, attitudes, behavior, beliefs, and relationships between variables.
- Nonexperimental exploratory research examines connections and links between variables.
Types of Research Designs
-
Synthesized literature:
- Systematic reviews provide a comprehensive analysis of existing literature.
- Meta-analyses statistically combine results from multiple researches (strong approach).
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Qualitative research:
- Phenomenology examines specific events.
- Ethnography focuses on cultures, attitudes, behaviors, and traditions.
- Grounded theory uses data analysis to develop new theories (inductive approach from specific to general).
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Quantitative research:
- Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) are considered the gold standard.
Variables in Research
- Independent variable is the cause or predictor.
- Dependent variable is the effect or target.
- Intervening variable influences the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.
- Research title describes the core elements.
Hypothesis
- Hypotheses are educated guesses that either expect or do not expect outcome.
- Alternative Hypothesis makes a specific expectation.
- Null Hypothesis presumes no difference or effect.
- Errors in hypotheses:
- Type 1 error is rejecting a true null hypothesis.
- Type 2 error is accepting a false null hypothesis.
Data Types
- Nominal data presents categories.
- Ordinal data can be ranked.
- Interval data are ranked with known distances, but no absolute zero.
- Ratio data has an absolute zero and is the highest level of measurement.
Sampling Methods
- Probability sampling methods include Simple Random Sampling, Stratified Random Sampling, Systematic Sampling, and Cluster Sampling.
- Non-probability sampling methods include Convenience Sampling, Purposive Sampling, Snowball Sampling, and Quota Sampling.
Validity and Reliability in Research
- Internal validity determines if the independent variable is the actual cause of change in the dependent variable.
- External validity assesses the generalizability to other populations and settings.
- Reliability indicates the consistency and reproducibility of the research findings.
Research Design Tests
- Chi-square, T-Tests (paired and independent), ANOVA, and other tests are used to analyze different types of data.
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Description
Test your understanding of the various research methods used in scientific studies. This quiz covers experimental, quasi-experimental, descriptive, and exploratory research designs, as well as synthesized literature and qualitative research approaches. Enhance your knowledge about how these methods influence evidence-based practice.
