Research Methods Overview

Introduction to Research

• Research is a systematic and objective investigation to discover facts and inferences from materials and sources.
• Research aims to develop solutions that improve quality of life.
• Research methods vary depending on the context.
• Scientific research is a systematic exploration for reliable knowledge.

Two Types of Research

• Basic Research: A direct application of research aimed at deepening understanding of a problem; it develops scientific theories for better understanding among readers.
• Applied Research: Answers specific questions and provides solutions applicable to real-world settings.

Good Luck Researchers!

• The lesson focuses on research, seeking information and solutions to problems, and requires in-depth analysis.

Unit 1: Nature of Inquiry and Research

• The unit focuses on the meaning of inquiry and research, as well as different types of research, and types of data needed.

Contents

• The course covers Nature of Inquiry, Nature of Research, Meaning of Research, Characteristics of Research, Types of Research, Types of Data Needed.

Introduction

• Inquiry and research are similar in meaning, both involving seeking information.
• Research is a scientific investigation to find truths.
• Research goes from simple to complex modes of thought.

Inquiry

• Inquiry is a learning process driven by motivation to gain knowledge about things, people, places, or events.
• It involves exploring and asking questions.

Inquisitive Thinking

• Inquisitive thinking enables shift to different thought levels and is interactive, not linear.

Research

• Research is a process of examining various facts and information to validate conclusions.

Characteristics of Research

• Accuracy: Correct and accurate data using proper citations and footnotes.
• Objectiveness: Dealing with facts rather than opinions, avoiding assumptions, generalizations, predictions, or conclusions.
• Timeliness: Topics need to be fresh, new, and relevant to current society.
• Relevance: Topics are instrumental in improving society by solving problems.
• Clarity: Explaining research through simple, direct, concise, and correct language.
• Systematic: Research is conducted in an organized and orderly manner.

Types of Research (Based on Application)

• Pure Research: Exploring abstract concepts and principles.
• Applied Research: Applying research findings to solve societal problems.

Types of Research (Based on Purpose)

• Descriptive Research: Provides a verbal portrayal of people, situations, etc.
• Correlational Research: Examining connections between factors.
• Explanatory Research: Explains reasons and methods behind relationships.
• Exploratory Research: Establishing the feasibility of a research topic.
• Action Research: Ongoing investigation within systems to bring about improvements.

Types of Data Needed

• Qualitative Research: Uses words, not numbers, to understand thoughts, beliefs, feelings, and lifestyles regarding the subject.
• Quantitative Research: Uses numbers and percentages/fractions to measure and record data.

Types of Data

• Primary Data: Newly obtained information through direct observation.
• Secondary Data: Existing data already analyzed and recorded by others.

Qualitative Research

• Qualitative research focuses on people's perspectives, behaviors, and experiences.
• It is used in social sciences, humanities, economics, education, nursing, and business fields.

Characteristics of Qualitative Research

• Human Understanding and Interpretation: Understanding individuals in terms of their mental, social, and spiritual worldviews.
• Active, Powerful, and Forceful: Adaptability to changes in methods throughout the study, moving beyond initial plans.
• Multiple Research Approaches and Methods: Flexibility in combining research methods and data gathering techniques.
• Specificity to Generalization: Moving from specific ideas to broader observations.
• Contextualization: Deep examination of factors, circumstances, and conditions affecting a topic or subject.
• Diversified Data in Real-Life Situations: Observing people, events, and situations in their natural setting using various data types (photographs, videos, etc.).
• Abounds with Words and Visuals: Utilizing words and visual aids to present and gather data.
• Internal Analysis: Understanding the internal traits, perceptions, and views of subjects, not just external influences.

Types of Qualitative Research

• Case Study: In-depth examination of a specific person, group, situation, or organization.
• Ethnography: Studying a culture through the people who belong to it. Examining cultural groups.
• Phenomenology: Studying experiences and understandings from a person's point of view.
• Content and Discourse Analysis: Analyzing the context of communication (letters, articles, images, etc.).
• Historical Analysis: Examining past events and their effect on the present.
• Grounded Theory: Developing new theories based on observed data during study.

This quiz covers key concepts in research methods, including the distinctions between qualitative and quantitative research, the objectives of various research types, and essential characteristics that underpin effective research practice. Test your understanding of fundamental research principles and their applications in various contexts.