Research Methods Overview

What type of research emphasizes immersing oneself in a community to observe their behavior and interactions?

Which research method involves collecting data from multiple sources to cross-check information?

Which of the following is NOT a method used in Ethnographic research?

What type of observation occurs when researchers actively interact with the subjects being studied?

Which research method examines behaviors or phenomena in their natural setting without interference?

Action research primarily aims to:

What is the primary purpose of critical reflection in action research?

What is a characteristic of an experimental research design?

A retrospective study is defined as:

What type of research collects data at one point in time from a specific group of people?

In longitudinal research, what does a 'cohort' refer to?

What kind of case study focuses on providing a descriptive exploration without setting expectations?

What is a cohort study?

Which of the following best describes field notes in Ethnographic research?

What is the main difference between prospective and retrospective studies?

Research Methods

Ethnographic Research: Aims to understand cultures and groups through immersion and observation
- Participant Observation: Researchers actively engage with subjects for insightful observation
- Field Notes: Detailed written records of observations, interactions, and reflections
- Interviews: Gathering direct accounts and perspectives from subjects
- Open Setting: Public spaces with accessible entry
Action Research: Investigates and solves issues simultaneously through cyclical steps
- Aims to improve actions and processes through systematic reflections
Observational Research: Examining behaviors and phenomena in their natural environment without intervention
- Covert Observation: Subjects are unaware of being observed
- Non-participant Observation: Researchers observe from a distance without interaction
Mixed Methods Research: Combines qualitative and quantitative approaches for a comprehensive understanding
Experimental Research: Manipulates independent variables to observe effects on dependent variables
- Control Groups: Participants not exposed to the manipulated variable
- Independent Variable: The element being manipulated
- Dependent Variable: The element being measured for changes
Longitudinal Research: Follows a group (cohort) over time to study changes and trends
- Cross-sectional Research: Collects data from a defined group at one specific point in time
Retrospective Study: Examines past events or data for insights and trends
- Prospective Study: Collects data moving forward in time to study the future
Case Study Research: In-depth analysis of specific individuals, groups, or situations
- Descriptive Case Study: Provides an exploratory description without pre-conceived expectations
- Explanatory Case Study: Aims to explain a phenomenon or issue
- Instrumental Case Study: Utilizes a case as an example to learn about broader patterns and trends

Data Collection Methods

Surveys: Collect standardized data through questionnaires for generalizable results
Interviews: Gather detailed, qualitative data through structured or unstructured conversations
Field Notes: Detailed recordings of observations and interactions in natural settings
Archival Research: Examining existing documents and records for insights

This quiz delves into various research methods, including ethnographic, action, observational, and mixed methods research. You'll explore concepts such as participant observation, field notes, and interviews, enhancing your understanding of how researchers engage with subjects and gather data. Test your knowledge on these critical research methodologies.