Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of securing a letter of communication before conducting an interview?
What is the purpose of securing a letter of communication before conducting an interview?
Which type of interview allows for the most flexibility in questioning?
Which type of interview allows for the most flexibility in questioning?
What should be prioritized when selecting a location for the interview?
What should be prioritized when selecting a location for the interview?
Why is it important to maintain eye contact during the interview?
Why is it important to maintain eye contact during the interview?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT recommended during interviews?
Which of the following is NOT recommended during interviews?
Signup and view all the answers
What does ethnography primarily focus on in research?
What does ethnography primarily focus on in research?
Signup and view all the answers
Which research approach is best suited for an in-depth analysis of a specific situation or group?
Which research approach is best suited for an in-depth analysis of a specific situation or group?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key characteristic of the phenomenological approach to research?
What is a key characteristic of the phenomenological approach to research?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a potential drawback of using case studies for research?
What is a potential drawback of using case studies for research?
Signup and view all the answers
In which approach does research focus on past events through systematic collection of information?
In which approach does research focus on past events through systematic collection of information?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of research design would you choose to study the reactions of teenagers to bullying?
Which type of research design would you choose to study the reactions of teenagers to bullying?
Signup and view all the answers
What does ethnography attempt to interpret in its study?
What does ethnography attempt to interpret in its study?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one of the primary focuses of the case study approach?
What is one of the primary focuses of the case study approach?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main purpose of examining the validity of documents in research?
What is the main purpose of examining the validity of documents in research?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is it important to have a research design when conducting research?
Why is it important to have a research design when conducting research?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the definition of a sample in research?
What is the definition of a sample in research?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the first step in the sampling process?
What is the first step in the sampling process?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best defines the term 'sampling frame'?
Which of the following best defines the term 'sampling frame'?
Signup and view all the answers
When defining a population of interest, which factor is crucial to consider?
When defining a population of interest, which factor is crucial to consider?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be done after identifying the population of interest?
What should be done after identifying the population of interest?
Signup and view all the answers
In the context of research on school dropouts, who could be included in the sampling frame?
In the context of research on school dropouts, who could be included in the sampling frame?
Signup and view all the answers
What sample size is suggested for grounded theory research?
What sample size is suggested for grounded theory research?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of data is considered more reliable due to being collected first-hand?
Which type of data is considered more reliable due to being collected first-hand?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one advantage of using secondary data in research?
What is one advantage of using secondary data in research?
Signup and view all the answers
For case studies, how many respondents are recommended?
For case studies, how many respondents are recommended?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a recommended method for collecting primary data?
What is a recommended method for collecting primary data?
Signup and view all the answers
Which is an example of secondary data?
Which is an example of secondary data?
Signup and view all the answers
What should you do after implementing your sampling techniques?
What should you do after implementing your sampling techniques?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main purpose of data collection instruments in research?
What is the main purpose of data collection instruments in research?
Signup and view all the answers
What is snowball sampling primarily based on?
What is snowball sampling primarily based on?
Signup and view all the answers
Which sampling method focuses on the availability and proximity of respondents?
Which sampling method focuses on the availability and proximity of respondents?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the saturation point of data imply in qualitative research?
What does the saturation point of data imply in qualitative research?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a characteristic of convenience sampling?
Which of the following is a characteristic of convenience sampling?
Signup and view all the answers
According to recommended methods for phenomenology, what is the suggested number of subjects?
According to recommended methods for phenomenology, what is the suggested number of subjects?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main concern when choosing sampling methods for qualitative research?
What is the main concern when choosing sampling methods for qualitative research?
Signup and view all the answers
What role does social media play in snowball sampling?
What role does social media play in snowball sampling?
Signup and view all the answers
What differentiates opportunistic sampling from other methods?
What differentiates opportunistic sampling from other methods?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Research Design Approaches
- Ethnography: Study a group of people in their natural setting to describe and interpret their behavior, culture, or population. Example: Studying a specific indigenous group or students in a classroom.
- Case Study: Provides in-depth analysis of a situation, group, or individual. Gather more data than other qualitative research approaches. Can be difficult for beginner researchers.
- Phenomenology: Studies the experiences of individuals or groups in relation to a particular phenomenon (unusual event or experience). Example: Studying how teenagers experience bullying.
- Historical Approach: Systematic collection and evaluation of information about past events from documents, stories, artifacts, etc. Examines the validity of materials and explores information not recorded in existing sources. Example: Studying the 1986 EDSA Revolution.
Sampling
- Population: The complete group of individuals relevant to the research.
- Sample: A group representing the population.
-
Steps in Sampling:
- Identify the Population of Interest: Choose the group directly affected by your research, who will be the respondents. Example: Teachers and out-of-school youth if researching teenage dropouts.
- Specify a Sampling Frame: Define a specific location or group within the population of interest. Example: Teachers at Valencia National High School and out-of-school youth in Valencia City.
-
Specify a Sampling Method:
- Snowball Sampling: Ask participants if they know others willing to participate, potentially using social media or community connections.
- Opportunistic Sampling: Choose readily available respondents.
- Convenience Sampling: Select respondents you already know for ease of access.
-
Determine the Sample Size:
- Data Saturation Point: Continue interviewing until new information is no longer emerging and patterns repeat.
- Approach-Based Sample Size: Use guidelines from researchers like Creswell (2013), Dukes (1984), and Charmaz (2006) for recommended sample sizes based on chosen research approach.
- Implement the Plan: Follow the chosen sampling method to select participants. Document every detail for inclusion in your research paper.
Data and Data Collection
- Data: Information gathered throughout your research.
- Primary Data: First-hand information from direct experiences or observations. Example: Answers from a community survey about a local law.
- Secondary Data: Information gathered from previous research, audio recordings, or books. Example: Population data from a village census.
-
Data Collection Instruments: Tools used to gather primary data:
-
Interviews:
- Determine the type of interview: structured, unstructured, or semi-structured.
- Secure permission to interview participants using a formal letter.
- Prepare guide questions based on your research questions.
- Ensure access to recording equipment (charged).
- Allow participants to choose the interview location.
- Thank participants for their time and participation.
-
Interviews:
-
Building Relationships with Participants:
- Show respect.
- Dress appropriately.
- Maintain eye contact.
- Engage in conversation.
- Avoid personal questions unrelated to the research.
- Thank them for their time and participation.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on various research design approaches, including ethnography, case studies, phenomenology, and historical methods. This quiz assesses your understanding of qualitative research techniques and their applications in different contexts.
