Podcast
Questions and Answers
A researcher observes that students who attend review sessions consistently perform better on exams. If they then propose a theory that review sessions improve exam performance, what type of reasoning are they employing?
A researcher observes that students who attend review sessions consistently perform better on exams. If they then propose a theory that review sessions improve exam performance, what type of reasoning are they employing?
- Inductive Reasoning (correct)
- Deductive Reasoning
- Abductive Reasoning
- Nonempirical Reasoning
Which type of research primarily focuses on generating new theories or expanding existing knowledge?
Which type of research primarily focuses on generating new theories or expanding existing knowledge?
- Quantitative Research
- Applied Research
- Basic Research (correct)
- Deductive Research
A company implements a new customer service protocol and analyzes customer satisfaction scores before and after the implementation. This research would best be categorized as:
A company implements a new customer service protocol and analyzes customer satisfaction scores before and after the implementation. This research would best be categorized as:
- Applied Research utilizing Inductive Reasoning
- Applied Research utilizing Deductive Reasoning (correct)
- Basic Research utilizing Inductive Reasoning
- Basic Research utilizing Deductive Reasoning
A scientist develops a new mathematical model to predict climate change patterns. This model is based on established physical laws but aims to provide more accurate long-term forecasts. How would you classify their research?
A scientist develops a new mathematical model to predict climate change patterns. This model is based on established physical laws but aims to provide more accurate long-term forecasts. How would you classify their research?
A historian analyzes letters and diaries to understand the social norms of a past era. Which type of knowledge is the historian primarily relying on?
A historian analyzes letters and diaries to understand the social norms of a past era. Which type of knowledge is the historian primarily relying on?
A researcher aims to determine the effectiveness of a new teaching method on student test scores. To do so, the researcher divides students into two groups. One group is taught via the new method, and the other group is taught via the traditional method. At the end of the semester, both groups take the same test, and the researcher compares the results of each group. What type of research is this?
A researcher aims to determine the effectiveness of a new teaching method on student test scores. To do so, the researcher divides students into two groups. One group is taught via the new method, and the other group is taught via the traditional method. At the end of the semester, both groups take the same test, and the researcher compares the results of each group. What type of research is this?
A legal scholar analyzes existing laws and court decisions to develop a new framework for understanding freedom of speech. What type of knowledge is the legal scholar primarily employing?
A legal scholar analyzes existing laws and court decisions to develop a new framework for understanding freedom of speech. What type of knowledge is the legal scholar primarily employing?
A sociologist spends a year living in a refugee camp, observing daily life and conducting interviews to understand the challenges faced by refugees. They then use this information to argue for changes in immigration policy. How would you classify this research?
A sociologist spends a year living in a refugee camp, observing daily life and conducting interviews to understand the challenges faced by refugees. They then use this information to argue for changes in immigration policy. How would you classify this research?
Which research approach is MOST suitable when aiming to establish the scope of a new phenomenon with limited existing research?
Which research approach is MOST suitable when aiming to establish the scope of a new phenomenon with limited existing research?
A researcher aims to understand the underlying reasons why a new social media trend is popular among teenagers. Which research type is MOST appropriate?
A researcher aims to understand the underlying reasons why a new social media trend is popular among teenagers. Which research type is MOST appropriate?
When would a researcher MOST likely use a mixed-methods approach, combining both qualitative and quantitative research?
When would a researcher MOST likely use a mixed-methods approach, combining both qualitative and quantitative research?
A study aims to assess the effectiveness of a new teaching method by comparing test scores between a control group and an experimental group. Which type of research is this?
A study aims to assess the effectiveness of a new teaching method by comparing test scores between a control group and an experimental group. Which type of research is this?
Which of the following BEST describes the role of 'methodology' in the research process?
Which of the following BEST describes the role of 'methodology' in the research process?
A researcher is developing a study to investigate the impact of urban green spaces on residents' mental well-being, but is struggling to define the scope of their research. Which step should they take FIRST?
A researcher is developing a study to investigate the impact of urban green spaces on residents' mental well-being, but is struggling to define the scope of their research. Which step should they take FIRST?
In what way does 'scientific knowledge' differ from 'nonscientific knowledge'?
In what way does 'scientific knowledge' differ from 'nonscientific knowledge'?
When designing a research project, what is the primary role of the 'methods' section in relation to the 'methodology' section?
When designing a research project, what is the primary role of the 'methods' section in relation to the 'methodology' section?
A researcher is conducting a study on the impact of social media on teenage self-esteem. If they aim to understand why and how social media affects self-esteem, which type of research are they undertaking?
A researcher is conducting a study on the impact of social media on teenage self-esteem. If they aim to understand why and how social media affects self-esteem, which type of research are they undertaking?
A researcher observes that students who attend more review sessions tend to score higher on exams. Following the scientific method, what should be the next step after this observation?
A researcher observes that students who attend more review sessions tend to score higher on exams. Following the scientific method, what should be the next step after this observation?
Which of the following questions is most aligned with descriptive research?
Which of the following questions is most aligned with descriptive research?
In the context of research, what is the primary difference between research design and methodology?
In the context of research, what is the primary difference between research design and methodology?
A researcher is investigating the correlation between exercise frequency and stress levels. After analyzing the data, the results contradict the initial hypothesis. According to the scientific method, what is the MOST appropriate next step?
A researcher is investigating the correlation between exercise frequency and stress levels. After analyzing the data, the results contradict the initial hypothesis. According to the scientific method, what is the MOST appropriate next step?
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the application of the scientific method in addressing a social problem?
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the application of the scientific method in addressing a social problem?
A researcher aims to understand the lived experiences of refugees resettling in a new country. To achieve a rich and detailed account, which research approach aligns BEST with this goal?
A researcher aims to understand the lived experiences of refugees resettling in a new country. To achieve a rich and detailed account, which research approach aligns BEST with this goal?
A study aims to investigate the effects of a new teaching method on student performance. The researchers plan to randomly assign students to either a group receiving the new method or a control group with the traditional method. What aspect of research is being described?
A study aims to investigate the effects of a new teaching method on student performance. The researchers plan to randomly assign students to either a group receiving the new method or a control group with the traditional method. What aspect of research is being described?
Flashcards
Research
Research
A systematic investigation involving data collection, analysis, and interpretation to understand social or natural phenomena, contributing to generalizable knowledge.
Scientific Method
Scientific Method
A standardized set of techniques used to build scientific knowledge.
Inductive Reasoning
Inductive Reasoning
Infers theoretical concepts and patterns from observed data; also known as Theory Building research.
Deductive Reasoning
Deductive Reasoning
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Basic Research
Basic Research
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Applied Research
Applied Research
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Empirical Knowledge
Empirical Knowledge
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Nonempirical Knowledge
Nonempirical Knowledge
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Nonscientific Knowledge
Nonscientific Knowledge
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Scientific Knowledge
Scientific Knowledge
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Qualitative Research
Qualitative Research
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Quantitative Research
Quantitative Research
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Exploratory Research
Exploratory Research
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Explanatory Research
Explanatory Research
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Research Methodology
Research Methodology
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Research Methods
Research Methods
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Observation
Observation
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Question
Question
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Hypothesis
Hypothesis
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Experiment
Experiment
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Descriptive Research
Descriptive Research
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Research Design
Research Design
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Methodology
Methodology
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Study Notes
- Research manifests in everyday life.
- Research is a systematic investigation that requires the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data related to social or natural phenomena, with the aim of contributing to generalizable knowledge.
- Scientific method must be followed, it uses standardized techniques for building scientific knowledge.
Inductive vs. Deductive Reasoning
- Inductive reasoning is used to infer theoretical concepts and patterns from observed data, and is also known as Theory Building research.
- Deductive reasoning aims to test concepts and patterns known from theory using new empirical data, and is also known as Theory Testing research.
- Inductive and deductive reasoning are methods of reasoning used when conducting scientific research.
Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research
- Qualitative research is related to inductive and deductive reasoning.
- Quantitative research is often referred to as deductive research and seeks to understand the world through generalizability using controlled, value-neutral processes.
- Qualitative research is often referred to as inductive research.
- Qualitative research aims to understand or make sense of the world based on the experiences and perceptions of individuals.
- Qualitative and quantitative research types can be conducted separately or alongside each other in higher education.
Basic vs. Applied Research
- Basic and applied research are differentiated according to their purpose
- Applied research uses acquired knowledge to contribute directly to the understanding or resolution of practical issues, and is often identified when the research contributes to the solution of specific practical problems.
- Basic research, also known as theoretical research, aims to test existing or generate new theories to advance knowledge or understanding, and is often identified when the research discovers new phenomena or new ideas of general interest.
Empirical vs. Nonempirical Knowledge
- Empirical knowledge is information gathered through experience and direct data collection.
- Nonempirical knowledge originates from introspection, vicarious experiences, and people's analysis of events.
Scientific vs. Nonscientific knowledge
- Scientific knowledge is a generalized body of laws and theories that explains a phenomenon acquired using the scientific method.
- Scientific knowledge can be imperfect or far from the truth since it is based on the various theories currently accepted at the time
Exploratory vs. Explanatory Research
- Exploratory research seeks to investigate under-researched aspects of life.
- Exploratory research is conducted in new areas of inquiry and intends to scope out the magnitude of a particular phenomenon, problem, or behavior, to generate new ideas, and to test the feasibility of undertaking an extensive study regarding the phenomenon.
- Explanatory research provides explanations of observed phenomena by answering the 'why' and 'how' questions.
- Explanatory research attempts to correct the dots by identifying causal factors and outcomes of the phenomenon.
- Explanatory research seeks to explain an aspect of social life.
- Descriptive research is often used to richly describe an aspect of life.
- Descriptive research is related to explanatory research but answers the 'who', 'what', 'when', and 'where' questions.
- Observations are based on the scientific method and are more reliable than descriptions provided by untrained individuals.
Research design vs. Methodology
- Research design is a strategic plan of how to answer research questions
- Research design touches on all parts of the research and acts as a blueprint.
- Research methodology is the rationale for the research design and is broader in terms of concepts.
- Research methodology justifies one's choice of data collection, analysis method, and procedures.
Research Methodology vs. Methods
- Research methodology acts as the justification and rationale for choosing the type of data collection and analysis the researcher will conduct, based on existing knowledge of the phenomenon and the desired knowledge to explore.
- Research methods are a specific set of tools that a researcher uses throughout the study, and these details will be based on the methodology.
- The scientific method is a cycle that starts with observations of a specific phenomenon, leading to a question in the researcher.
- Hypotheses are then generated, tested, and verified, with the results leading to acceptance, rejection, or revision of the hypothesis.
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Description
Explore research methodologies for understanding the world through data collection, analysis, and interpretation. This covers inductive reasoning for theory building and deductive reasoning for theory testing. Learn about qualitative and quantitative research approaches.
