22 Questions
What is a major disadvantage of using the case study method in research?
It is difficult to generalize
What is an example of a descriptive research method?
Survey
What is the purpose of using projective techniques in research?
To gather qualitative data
What is an advantage of using the case study method in research?
It provides detailed and accurate data
What is an example of a method of collecting primary data?
Observation Method
What is a major reason why interviewer bias may occur in research?
Interviewer's personal opinions or biases
What is the primary purpose of the inferential approach to research?
To form a database from which to infer characteristics of a population
Which research approach involves the manipulation of variables to observe their effects?
Experimental approach
What is the primary characteristic of the simulation approach to research?
Construction of an artificial environment to generate data
What is the term used to describe the operation of a numerical model that represents the structure of a dynamic process?
Simulation
What type of research approach is concerned with subjective assessment of attitudes, opinions, and behavior?
Qualitative research approach
What is the primary advantage of using simulation approach in research?
It permits the observation of the dynamic behavior of a system under controlled conditions
Which of the following is a technique used in qualitative research approach?
Focus group interviews
What is the primary difference between quantitative and qualitative research approaches?
The type of data generated and analyzed in each approach
What is the main focus of Ex-post Facto Research?
To study the relationship between independent and dependent variables
Which type of research involves conducting a trial to solve a problem?
Action Research
What is the purpose of Evaluation Research?
To evaluate the performance of a planned programme
What is the main advantage of Library Research?
It is a convenient method that saves time and manpower
In Ex-post Facto Research, what is the role of the researcher?
To report what has happened and what is happening
Which type of research is also known as Empirical Research?
Ex-post Facto Research
What is the main difference between Ex-post Facto Research and Action Research?
The level of manipulation of the independent variable
What is the main limitation of Ex-post Facto Research?
The researcher has no control over the independent variable
Study Notes
Methods of Collecting Primary Data
- Observation method
- Interview method
- Through questionnaires
- Through schedules
- Other methods include:
- Warranty cards
- Distributor audits
- Pantry audits
- Consumer panels
- Using mechanical devices
- Through projective techniques
- Depth interviews
- Content analysis
Case Study
- Involves taking individual cases and conducting a detailed study of each
- Advantages:
- Provides accurate data
- Detailed analysis
- Disadvantages:
- Difficult to generalize
- Time-consuming
- Confidential and sensitive information may not be given
- Interviewer bias may be present
Research Approaches
Quantitative Research Approach
- Involves generating data in quantitative form
- Can be subjected to rigorous quantitative analysis
- Sub-classified into:
- Inferential approach
- Experimental approach
- Simulation approach
Inferential Approach
- Forms a data base from which to infer characteristics or relationships of population
- Usually involves survey research
- A sample of population is studied to determine its characteristics
Experimental Approach
- Characterized by greater control over research environment
- Variables are manipulated to observe their effect on other variables
Simulation Approach
- Involves constructing an artificial environment to generate relevant information and data
- Permits observation of dynamic behavior of a system under controlled conditions
- Can be useful in building models for understanding future conditions
Qualitative Research Approach
- Concerned with subjective assessment of attitudes, opinions, and behavior
- Research generates results in non-quantitative form or not subjected to rigorous quantitative analysis
- Techniques used include:
- Focus group interviews
- Projective techniques
- Depth interviews
Ex-post Facto Research (Empirical Research)
- Examines the relationship between independent and dependent variables
- Researcher has no control over independent variable
- Involves observing a variable and trying to find a causal variable that caused it
Action Research
- Conducted to solve a problem
- Involves direct action
- Example: Test marketing a product
Evaluation Research
- Conducted to find out how well a planned program is implemented
- Deals with evaluating the performance or assessment of a project
- Example: Evaluating a rural employment program or a midday meal program
Library Research
- Conducted to gather secondary data
- Includes notes from past data or a review of reports already conducted
- Convenient method that saves manpower and time
Understanding the differences between experiments and surveys, and exploring various methods of collecting primary data in research.
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