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Questions and Answers
Which type of study design aims to search for facts?
What is included in the exclusion criteria of a study population?
Which of the following is NOT a type of probability sampling method?
In systematic random sampling, what is 'k' defined as?
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Which sampling method allows every individual in the population an equal chance of selection?
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What is a key characteristic of analytical study designs?
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When conducting systematic random sampling, what must be done after determining the sampling interval?
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What is the primary goal of experimental study designs?
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What is considered a dependent variable in a study focused on acute respiratory tract infections in children?
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Which of the following best describes independent variables in research?
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What aspect of questionnaire design is emphasized as a critical skill?
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Which of the following describes qualitative variables?
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During a study, which ethical consideration must be ensured for participants?
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How can results from the study be effectively presented?
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Which method is used for data analysis in studies as per the content provided?
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What is the role of clinical examination and laboratory investigations in a questionnaire?
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What is the purpose of calculating the sample interval in systematic sampling?
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Which method of data collection involves direct interaction between the interviewer and the study subject?
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When is total coverage used to estimate sample size?
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What is a key reason for using well-constructed data collection instruments?
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Which of the following is commonly used in group interviewing methods?
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What method of data collection relies on existing information from documents?
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Which instrument is most commonly used during observation for data collection?
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What is the first step in conducting systematic sampling as described in the content?
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Study Notes
Study Designs
- Descriptive studies: Aim to seek facts and information about a topic.
- Analytical studies: Aim to find the causes of a specific phenomenon.
- Experimental studies: Aim to implement a solution or intervention to address a problem.
Study Area & Setting
- The text doesn't provide specific details about study area and setting.
Study Population
- Inclusion criteria: Characteristics of the study group that are eligible to participate in the study.
- Exclusion criteria: Characteristics of individuals that will not be included in the study.
Sampling Technique
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Probability samples: Every member of the population has a known chance of being selected as a participant.
- Simple random sample: Each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.
- Systematic sample: Participants are selected at regular intervals from a list.
- Stratified sample: The population is divided into subgroups (strata) and participants are randomly selected from each stratum.
- Cluster sample: The population is divided into clusters and a sample of clusters is randomly selected.
- Multi-stage sample: A combination of different sampling techniques is used.
- Non-probability samples: The probability of each member being selected is unknown.
Sample Size
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Factors determining sample size:
- Total population coverage if less than 200 participants.
- Using published tables for sample size estimation.
- Using sample size data from similar studies.
- Utilizing statistical formulas for calculation.
Data Collection Tools and Techniques
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Interviewing methods:
- Individual interviewing: One-on-one interview using questionnaires, interview guides, etc.
- Group interviewing: Collecting data from a group of participants through discussion around a topic.
- Observation method: Observing and collecting data using checklists.
- Review of records: Using existing data from documents, registers, and reports.
Study Variables
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Variables: Characteristics that take on different values in a study.
- Qualitative variables: Data that is descriptive or categorical.
- Quantitative variables: Data that is numerical or measurable.
- Dependent variables: The outcome or effect variables that are influenced by the independent variables.
- Independent variables: The input or cause variables that are manipulated to observe their effect on dependent variables.
Data Analysis
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Methods:
- Computerized Analysis: Using statistical software packages like SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) for data analysis.
- Manual Analysis: Analyzing data manually.
- Presentation of results: Tables and figures.
Ethical Considerations
- Respect for participants' rights.
- Confidentiality of data (using coded questionnaires).
- Informed consent from participants.
- Participants' right to withdraw from the study at any time.
- Ethical approval from relevant authorities (university, ministry of health, hospitals).
- Participants may benefit from the researcher's knowledge.
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Description
This quiz explores various study designs, including descriptive, analytical, and experimental studies. You'll learn about study populations, sampling techniques, and the criteria for including or excluding participants. Test your knowledge on how different methodologies affect research outcomes.
