Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main goal of probability sampling?
What is the main goal of probability sampling?
Which of the following procedures is NOT a type of probability sampling?
Which of the following procedures is NOT a type of probability sampling?
In systematic random sampling, how is the first sample member selected?
In systematic random sampling, how is the first sample member selected?
What is a characteristic of stratified random sampling?
What is a characteristic of stratified random sampling?
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Which sampling method is best when the population is geographically spread out?
Which sampling method is best when the population is geographically spread out?
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What is a population in research?
What is a population in research?
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Which of the following describes the target population?
Which of the following describes the target population?
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What is the primary advantage of sampling in research?
What is the primary advantage of sampling in research?
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Which statement best describes the accessible population?
Which statement best describes the accessible population?
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What is the purpose of using a sample in research?
What is the purpose of using a sample in research?
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Study Notes
Sampling and Population
- A representative sample is crucial for valid research findings.
- Populations consist of all subjects under study, which can include varied entities like hospitals or schools.
- A sample is a subgroup selected from a population for analysis.
- Populations can be categorized into two groups: Target population and Accessible population.
Target vs. Accessible Population
- Target population: The entire group to which a researcher seeks to generalize findings (e.g., all institutionalized individuals with psychiatric issues).
- Accessible population: The actual group available for study, such as pregnant women in a specific clinic.
Sample Selection
- A sample represents the population and aids in making generalizations about the larger group.
- Conducting a census includes studying every member of a population.
Advantages of Sampling
- Reduces costs and manpower requirements.
- Facilitates quicker data collection.
- Allows for more comprehensive data and potentially greater accuracy.
Sampling Methods
- Two main sampling procedures: Probability sampling and Non-probability sampling.
Probability Sampling
- Involves random selection, ensuring each member of a population has a chance to be included.
- Aims to examine representative elements of populations.
- Types of probability sampling include Simple Random Sampling, Systematic Random Sampling, Stratified Random Sampling, Cluster Random Sampling, and Multistage Sampling.
Simple Random Sampling (SRS)
- Every member has an equal chance of selection.
- Requires a sampling frame (list of the population) with unique identifiers.
- Selection methods include shuffling cards or using random number generators.
Systematic Random Sampling
- Involves selecting members based on a calculated sampling proportion (e.g., 1 in 10).
- Begin with a random starting point and select every nth individual.
Stratified Random Sampling
- Best for heterogeneous populations with significant variability.
- The population is divided into strata, and simple random samples are drawn from each to ensure representation.
Multistage Random Sampling
- Utilizes multiple stages for selection, ideal for entire communities (e.g., regions to households).
- Each stage involves random sampling on different levels.
Cluster Random Sampling
- Effective for geographically dispersed populations.
- Clusters may be formed by drawing samples from broader regions, then narrowing down to specific groups.
Conclusion
- Proper sampling techniques are vital in research to ensure that findings reflect the true characteristics of a population.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential concepts of sampling methods and sample size in research. It emphasizes the importance of selecting a representative sample from a population to effectively answer research questions. Understanding these fundamentals is crucial for conducting valid and reliable studies.
