Research Methods in Sampling

Questions and Answers

What is the main goal of probability sampling?

To include every individual in the population.

To examine non-representative elements of populations.

To examine representative elements of populations. (correct)

To eliminate the need for sampling frames.

Which of the following procedures is NOT a type of probability sampling?

Systematic random sampling

Judgmental sampling (correct)

Stratified random sampling

Cluster random sampling

In systematic random sampling, how is the first sample member selected?

It is selected by using the highest number in the population.

It is chosen using a simple random sampling method. (correct)

It is randomly selected from a non-ordered list.

It must be the first member of the population list.

What is a characteristic of stratified random sampling?

It ensures that each subgroup is adequately represented. Signup and view all the answers

Which sampling method is best when the population is geographically spread out?

Cluster random sampling Signup and view all the answers

What is a population in research?

The entire group of subjects being studied Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the target population?

It encompasses the entire group to which findings are generalized. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of sampling in research?

It reduces costs and manpower while gathering data quickly. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the accessible population?

It is the group of subjects that can actually be studied by the researcher. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a sample in research?

To create a subset that accurately reflects the larger population Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Sampling and Population

A representative sample is crucial for valid research findings.
Populations consist of all subjects under study, which can include varied entities like hospitals or schools.
A sample is a subgroup selected from a population for analysis.
Populations can be categorized into two groups: Target population and Accessible population.

Target vs. Accessible Population

Target population: The entire group to which a researcher seeks to generalize findings (e.g., all institutionalized individuals with psychiatric issues).
Accessible population: The actual group available for study, such as pregnant women in a specific clinic.

Sample Selection

A sample represents the population and aids in making generalizations about the larger group.
Conducting a census includes studying every member of a population.

Advantages of Sampling

Reduces costs and manpower requirements.
Facilitates quicker data collection.
Allows for more comprehensive data and potentially greater accuracy.

Sampling Methods

Two main sampling procedures: Probability sampling and Non-probability sampling.

Probability Sampling

Involves random selection, ensuring each member of a population has a chance to be included.
Aims to examine representative elements of populations.
Types of probability sampling include Simple Random Sampling, Systematic Random Sampling, Stratified Random Sampling, Cluster Random Sampling, and Multistage Sampling.

Simple Random Sampling (SRS)

Every member has an equal chance of selection.
Requires a sampling frame (list of the population) with unique identifiers.
Selection methods include shuffling cards or using random number generators.

Systematic Random Sampling

Involves selecting members based on a calculated sampling proportion (e.g., 1 in 10).
Begin with a random starting point and select every nth individual.

Stratified Random Sampling

Best for heterogeneous populations with significant variability.
The population is divided into strata, and simple random samples are drawn from each to ensure representation.

Multistage Random Sampling

Utilizes multiple stages for selection, ideal for entire communities (e.g., regions to households).
Each stage involves random sampling on different levels.

Cluster Random Sampling

Effective for geographically dispersed populations.
Clusters may be formed by drawing samples from broader regions, then narrowing down to specific groups.

Conclusion

Proper sampling techniques are vital in research to ensure that findings reflect the true characteristics of a population.

Description

This quiz covers the essential concepts of sampling methods and sample size in research. It emphasizes the importance of selecting a representative sample from a population to effectively answer research questions. Understanding these fundamentals is crucial for conducting valid and reliable studies.