Podcast
Questions and Answers
In systematic sampling, what is the main disadvantage?
In systematic sampling, what is the main disadvantage?
- May miss small groups in the population
- Difficulty in accessing widely-dispersed locations
- Requires developing a system consistent with the sampling unit
- Selections are not truly equal and independent (correct)
What is the main advantage of stratified random sampling?
What is the main advantage of stratified random sampling?
- Individuals must be sampled with replacement
- Produces an unbiased estimate of population mean
- May produce more accurate results because small groups are not missed, and large ones are not over-represented (correct)
- Can provide reliable population estimates by spreading sample over the entire population
What is a key disadvantage of cluster sampling?
What is a key disadvantage of cluster sampling?
- Sampling estimates are subject to errors in the stratification criteria (correct)
- Individuals must be sampled with replacement
- The basis for stratification is required
- Requires developing a system consistent with the sampling unit
What is the fundamental characteristic of simple random sampling?
What is the fundamental characteristic of simple random sampling?
What is a challenge of conducting a random sample of all the trees in a forest?
What is a challenge of conducting a random sample of all the trees in a forest?
What is a key advantage of systematic sampling?
What is a key advantage of systematic sampling?
What is a significant disadvantage of simple random sampling?
What is a significant disadvantage of simple random sampling?
What is a drawback of conducting cluster sampling?
What is a drawback of conducting cluster sampling?
What is a challenge of conducting systematic sampling?
What is a challenge of conducting systematic sampling?
What is a key advantage of stratified random sampling over simple random sampling?
What is a key advantage of stratified random sampling over simple random sampling?
What is the definition of a population in the context of sampling?
What is the definition of a population in the context of sampling?
What is the role of sampling in addressing difficult questions?
What is the role of sampling in addressing difficult questions?
What are sampling units in the context of sampling?
What are sampling units in the context of sampling?
Why is conducting a census often not feasible?
Why is conducting a census often not feasible?
What are the learning outcomes of Topic 13 in GEOG 380?
What are the learning outcomes of Topic 13 in GEOG 380?
What is the definition of a sample in the context of sampling?
What is the definition of a sample in the context of sampling?
What are the difficult questions that sampling helps us answer?
What are the difficult questions that sampling helps us answer?
What are the different elements considered when selecting the number of samples?
What are the different elements considered when selecting the number of samples?
What is the definition of sampling units in the context of sampling?
What is the definition of sampling units in the context of sampling?
What is the main reason for sampling when conducting research?
What is the main reason for sampling when conducting research?
What is one important consideration in proper sample design?
What is one important consideration in proper sample design?
Which method is used for sample size determination involving the desired level of confidence, standard deviation, and tolerable error?
Which method is used for sample size determination involving the desired level of confidence, standard deviation, and tolerable error?
What is the major issue in sample selection?
What is the major issue in sample selection?
Which sampling method is often used to study populations where subjects are hard to identify or reach?
Which sampling method is often used to study populations where subjects are hard to identify or reach?
What is the difference between random sampling error and systematic sampling error?
What is the difference between random sampling error and systematic sampling error?
Which type of sampling method involves selecting sampling units based on a specific characteristic of interest?
Which type of sampling method involves selecting sampling units based on a specific characteristic of interest?
What is the advantage of snowball sampling?
What is the advantage of snowball sampling?
What is the precision of the estimate of a population parameter a function of?
What is the precision of the estimate of a population parameter a function of?
Which method for sample size determination involves iterating until a reasonable sample size is reached?
Which method for sample size determination involves iterating until a reasonable sample size is reached?
What is a non-probability sampling method that involves selecting sampling units based on the researcher's judgment and knowledge of the population?
What is a non-probability sampling method that involves selecting sampling units based on the researcher's judgment and knowledge of the population?
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Study Notes
Sampling Methods and Sample Size Determination in Geographic Research
- Sampling units must be explicitly defined and selected to match the scale of the information desired.
- The project aims to use machine learning to discover Medicine Wheels in Alberta, with the study site being the Siksika Native Reserve and over 100 locations in the Alberta Archaeological Site Inventory Records.
- One important question in proper sample design is how large the sample should be to be representative, with larger samples providing more certainty but also incurring more cost.
- Different methods for sample size determination include rules of thumb and formulas, with the precision of the estimate of a population parameter being a function of the variance of the population, the sample size, and the allowable error.
- Random sampling error is the difference between the sample result and the result of a census conducted using identical procedures, while systematic sampling error results from non-sampling factors in a study's design and execution.
- Less than perfectly representative samples can result from random sampling errors and systematic errors.
- Two methods for sample size determination include a formula involving the desired level of confidence, standard deviation of a pilot sample, and tolerable error, and a method involving the Student’s t-value, coefficient of variation, and tolerable error expressed as a percentage of the mean.
- The procedure for sample size determination involves making a reasonable guess at the sample size, looking up critical Student’s t-value, selecting values for allowable error and coefficient of variation, calculating the sample size, and iterating until a reasonable sample size is reached.
- The major issue in sample selection is to avoid bias, including under-representing or over-representing elements of the population due to inappropriate sample design.
- There are various sampling methods and designs, including non-probability methods like judgmental, quota, and snowball sampling, and probability methods like systematic, simple random, stratified random, and clustered random sampling.
- Snowball or chain-referral sampling is a non-probability sampling method often used to study populations where subjects are hard to identify or reach, such as individuals with rare diseases or homeless individuals.
- This sampling method is advantageous in practical situations but may not be suitable for well-designed sampling strategies.
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