Research Methods in Psychology

Drives the study, it is the variable of interest, the reason for the study, and the variable that is manipulated.

Change, and the change is due to the influence of the independent variable.

<p>One group has the outcome variable (case), the other group does not (control).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A snapshot in time, surveys are common, it's easy, quick, and cheap to collect data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To describe features of a population. They usually use larger samples, and surveys and questionnaires are common to gather data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can be used to make predictions, and the stronger the correlation, the better the ability to predict (positive and negative correlation).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To help reduce bias when testing the effectiveness of new treatments or interventions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A research process of examining a relatively large group of studies that have similar independent and dependent variables and determine a general strength of intervention for all of the studies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability to conclude that only the IV affected any difference in measures of the DV across groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It uses one or more general assumptions or theories to arrive at a specific answer or solution. It starts with a general conclusion/theories and then uses these to understand specific factors/conclusions. GENERAL → SPECIFIC. Its aim is to test a theory, often with a hypothesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reports or documents are provided directly by the person who authored it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A review of one or more studies presented by someone other than the original author.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Editors send out the manuscript to a handful of leading researchers in that topic area. Articles are reviewed for suitability with a list of suggestions for revision (content changes; stats and methods issue; improvement in writing clarity). The editor sends the article back to the authors with a letter telling them it will be accepted pending the changes. It's common for this to occur more than once.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The percentage of papers submitted that are eventually accepted for publication compared to rejected. High-quality journals may only have a 15-20% acceptance rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maximize true variance, and minimize error variance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The entire group of individuals or elements that meet specific criteria and are of interest to the researcher.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What subjects must have to be in the study.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The higher the power of the study, the greater the odds of arriving at statistically significant findings. It provides the degree of confidence we have in the results of the study.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selection procedures for participants in the study that provide an equal chance of selection. It's the best chance of representing the population if the sample size is large enough.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A group of participants for studies selected because of convenient access.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It appropriately represents subgroups of the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Every nth individual on a list is selected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Things that must be trusted as true in the absence of actual verification, and the study cannot proceed without them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A limitation imposed by the researcher in the scope of the study.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Survey vs. direct measure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They do not have specific responses associated with them, and respondents have the opportunity to form their own responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Researchers often use this as another question format. Answers fall on a continuum, which may have a scale of points that are equidistant apart. (least stressed life 0-9 most stressed life).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Questionnaires provide a good, quick method of gathering data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They're common in marketing and sales. Keep it direct, with short answers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A group interview (6-8 people is common) where a moderator guides the discussion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All respondents are asked the same set of questions in the same order, regardless of response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The degree to which a particular measurement tool or method accurately captures the concept or variable it is intended to measure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Whether a test appears to measure what it claims.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It compares test results to an external standard.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Whether the test accurately captures the underlying theoretical concept being measured.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A measure of the repeatability of a test to get the same result when the same value is present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individuals perform differently from test to test</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Memory effect: Production of an artificially high score as subjects respond from their memory rather than the test itself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It does not have a numerical order. It's identified by name or label with no sense of order. It can be reported as frequencies or percentages. It cannot calculate a mean or average. EX→ food groups consumed in a meal; political party affiliation; occupation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The highest order, equally spaced numeric data. There is a true zero where there is an absence of the quantity being measured. EX→ age, weight, height, distance, and time. This is the most versatile type of data for statistical analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Statistical tests used for interval and ratio data; it must meet certain assumptions related to how data is distributed in the population it comes from.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One of the simplest descriptive techniques. They are common in cross-sectional studies and often used with questionnaire formats for gathering data. GOAL= simply determine the amount of times a variable occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The arithmetic average of a group of numbers (very popular). Sum of all numbers divided by the total number of values in the data set.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>(Most commonly used) serves as an estimate of the spread of scores away from the mean, the larger the SD, the greater the distribution of scores away from the mean.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The goal is to indicate the position of participants in a group based on scores. It indicates one score position (ordinal data). It is commonly used when establishing or referencing norms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, the parametric statistical test for the strength of the relationship between two variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One variable increases, the other increases (vise versa).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>r = 0.4 - 0.6 = moderate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A statistical hypothesis states that no difference exists between groups tested in an experiment. This is what we would expect of the IV had no effect on the DV.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a predetermined p value that you determine at the start of a study, which is the acceptable risk of making a Type I error you are willing to make. Usually set at p = 0.05.</p> Signup and view all the answers