Factorial Design in Research Methods
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Factorial Design in Research Methods

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Questions and Answers

What type of factor is represented by the subject variable in a PxE mixed factorial design?

  • Between-subject factor (correct)
  • Both between-subject and within-subject factor
  • Within-subject factor
  • Neither factor

    • Under what condition should a simple effects analysis be conducted?

  • When the main effects are statistically significant
  • When the interaction effect is statistically significant (correct)
  • When sample size is adequate
  • When the interaction effect is not statistically significant

    • Which of the following comparisons is NOT appropriate in a simple effects analysis?

  • Condition 2 and 4
  • Condition 1 and 2
  • Condition 3 and 4
  • Condition 1 and 4 (correct)

    • What is the primary purpose of conducting a simple effects analysis after a significant interaction is found?

    <p>To clarify and understand the interaction's detailed nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a PxE mixed factorial design, which components are included?

    <p>A between-subject factor and a within-subject factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a factorial design allow researchers to do compared to single-factor designs?

    <p>Examine more than one independent variable simultaneously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a 2 x 2 x 4 factorial design, how many conditions or cells are created?

    <p>16</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statistical test is generally used to analyze the main effects and interaction effects in a factorial design?

    <p>Two-way ANOVA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to levels and conditions in factorial designs compared to single-factor designs?

    <p>They refer to different concepts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a main effect represent in the context of factorial designs?

    <p>The overall effect of one independent variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are interaction effects defined in factorial designs?

    <p>When the effect of one IV changes depending on another IV.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step to determine the number of conditions in a factorial experiment?

    <p>Multiply the numbers in the factorial notation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of design incorporates multiple independent variables and their levels?

    <p>Factorial design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the overall inferential stats performed in ANOVA?

    <p>f-tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which interaction effect would be considered the most significant if found in an ANOVA with three independent variables?

    <p>AxBxC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What issue arises when two or more conditions show means that are near the maximum in a graph?

    <p>ceiling effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated when the answer to which yields higher grades is 'it depends'?

    <p>An interaction effect is present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a mixed factorial design, how are independent variables categorized?

    <p>Both between-subject and within-subject factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of graph is commonly used to represent data in factorial designs?

    <p>Line graph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you determine if there is an interaction effect from a graph?

    <p>If the lines are not parallel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional control problems must be addressed in a mixed factorial design?

    <p>Creating equivalent groups and controlling for order effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What statistical method is recommended to assess the significance of main and interaction effects?

    <p>ANOVA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a PxE factorial design?

    <p>It consists of both manipulated IVs and subject IVs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a completely within-subject factorial design?

    <p>Same subjects are tested across all conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When analyzing recall strategies, what is a main effect observed?

    <p>Better recall with imagery than control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following effects cannot occur in an ANOVA analysis?

    <p>Only t-tests being significant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the interaction effect demonstrate in the example of recall strategies?

    <p>Recall is better for the 4 sec rate but more pronounced for control than imagery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of main effects compared to interaction effects?

    <p>Main effects provide a broader understanding of variable relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can you infer if you find that the recall was higher with the 4 sec rate than the 2 sec rate?

    <p>There may be a main effect related to presentation rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Factorial Design

    • Factorial designs investigate the interaction of independent variables.
    • Notation: Number of digits = number of independent variables, each digit represents the number of levels for that IV.
      • Example: 3 x 5 factorial has 2 IVs, one with 3 levels and the other with 5.
    • Conditions: The number of conditions equals the product of the numbers in the notation.
      • Example: 2 x 4 = 8 conditions

    Analyzing Factorial Designs

    • Main effect: The overall effect of one IV, ignoring the other IVs.
      • Example: Examining the effect of "Memorization Type" by combining data across levels of "Presentation Rate".
    • Interaction effect: When the effect of one IV depends on the level of another IV.
      • Example: Higher grades in "Science" may depend on whether it's a "lab" or "lecture" course.
    • Data Representation: Use a matrix to organize data and a line graph to visualize.
      • Non-parallel lines in a graph suggest an interaction.
    • Statistical Analysis:
      • Use ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) to test for significance.
      • Each effect (main and interaction) is tested using an "F-test".
      • Example: In a 2 IV design, the ANOVA tests for A, B, and AxB.

    Varieties of Factorial Designs

    • Mixed Factorial: At least one IV is between-subjects and at least one is within-subjects.
      • Control Challenges: Handling equivalent groups for between-subjects and order effects for within-subjects.
    • PxE Factorial: Both a manipulated IV and a subject IV.
      • Example: Studying the effect of "environment" (manipulated IV) on groups with different "personalities" (subject IV).
    • PxE Mixed Factorial: Combines the two above.
      • Between-subjects IV (subject variable), within-subjects IV (manipulated variable).

    Simple Effects Analysis

    • Purpose: Analyze interaction effects in more detail.
    • When: Performed if the interaction effect is statistically significant.
    • Method: Examines the effect of each IV at different levels of the other IV.
      • Example: Comparing "color conditions" at different "alcohol dosages".

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    Chap 8 - EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN II- FACTORIALS PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers factorial designs and the analysis of their effects in experimental research. Learn about main effects, interaction effects, and how to represent data visually. Test your understanding of how independent variables interact in various conditions.

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