30 Questions
What is the primary purpose of random assignment of subjects to different treatment conditions in an experiment?
To minimize the impact of environmental factors on the results
What type of relationship do experiments establish between the antecedent conditions and the subjects' behaviors?
Temporal relationship
What is the primary function of institutional review boards (IRBs) in research ethics?
To ensure that research proposals follow ethical standards
What is a characteristic of pseudoscience, according to the text?
It has claims that resist empirical testing of specific hypotheses
What is the primary goal of research ethics, according to the text?
To establish a framework of values within which we conduct research
What is the value of experiments in establishing a cause-and-effect relationship, according to the text?
They enable researchers to infer a cause-and-effect relationship between the antecedent conditions and the subjects' behaviors
What is the primary purpose of control in research?
To apply learned knowledge to effect change or improve behavior
What is a key requirement for experimentation in research?
Manipulation of aspects of a setting
What is the primary goal of measurement in research?
To assign numerical values to objects or events
What is a characteristic of observation in research?
It is systematic and consistent
Why might a researcher choose to use a nonexperimental or quasi-experimental design?
Because it allows for less risk to subjects
What is a necessary condition for experimentation in research?
That the predicted outcome is observable
What is the primary basis of informed consent in research?
The principle of respect for persons
What should happen to participants who wish to withdraw from an experiment?
They should be allowed to withdraw at any time
What is the purpose of replication in research?
To reproduce the findings of others
What percentage of submitted manuscripts are typically printed after peer review?
15-20%
What is the minimum age at which assent is typically obtained from children?
7 years old
Why might deception be used in research?
When it is the best way to obtain information
What is a concern when constructing questions to avoid confusion?
Avoiding double negatives to ensure clarity
What is a major step in constructing surveys?
Identifying specific research objectives
What type of scale assigns items to distinct categories but does not measure their magnitude?
Nominal scale
What can be a source of ideas for research objectives?
Reviewing research done by others on the topic
What is an example of a category that children's responses to the open question might fall into?
Someone looked at me funny
What is a concern when constructing questions to avoid ambiguity?
Keeping items simple and unambiguous
In the experiment with photographs, what was the independent variable?
The size of the pupils
What is the purpose of an operational definition in an experiment?
To specify the exact meaning of a variable in terms of observable operations
What is the dependent variable in the experiment with photographs?
The rating of the women's attractiveness
Why is it necessary to have both conceptual and operational definitions of variables?
Because conceptual definitions are not enough to ensure replicability
What is the main difference between conceptual and operational definitions?
Conceptual definitions are used in everyday language, while operational definitions are used in carrying out the experiment
What type of variables are operational definitions particularly useful for?
Hypothetical constructs
Understand the different research methods in psychology, including experiments, quasi-experiments, and observation. Learn how to make inferences about cause and effect, and how to apply knowledge to effect change or improve behavior.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
