Research Methods in Psychology
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What is the primary purpose of random assignment of subjects to different treatment conditions in an experiment?

  • To ensure that the treatment conditions are identical for all subjects
  • To reduce the time difference between the treatment conditions and the subjects' behaviors
  • To establish a cause-and-effect relationship between the antecedent conditions and the subjects' behaviors
  • To minimize the impact of environmental factors on the results (correct)

What type of relationship do experiments establish between the antecedent conditions and the subjects' behaviors?

  • Spatial relationship
  • Correlational relationship
  • Temporal relationship (correct)
  • Causal relationship

What is the primary function of institutional review boards (IRBs) in research ethics?

  • To provide funding for research projects
  • To publish research findings in academic journals
  • To ensure that research proposals follow ethical standards (correct)
  • To evaluate research proposals for methodological soundness

What is a characteristic of pseudoscience, according to the text?

<p>It has claims that resist empirical testing of specific hypotheses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of research ethics, according to the text?

<p>To establish a framework of values within which we conduct research (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of experiments in establishing a cause-and-effect relationship, according to the text?

<p>They enable researchers to infer a cause-and-effect relationship between the antecedent conditions and the subjects' behaviors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of control in research?

<p>To apply learned knowledge to effect change or improve behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key requirement for experimentation in research?

<p>Manipulation of aspects of a setting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of measurement in research?

<p>To assign numerical values to objects or events (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of observation in research?

<p>It is systematic and consistent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might a researcher choose to use a nonexperimental or quasi-experimental design?

<p>Because it allows for less risk to subjects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a necessary condition for experimentation in research?

<p>That the predicted outcome is observable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary basis of informed consent in research?

<p>The principle of respect for persons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should happen to participants who wish to withdraw from an experiment?

<p>They should be allowed to withdraw at any time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of replication in research?

<p>To reproduce the findings of others (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of submitted manuscripts are typically printed after peer review?

<p>15-20% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum age at which assent is typically obtained from children?

<p>7 years old (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might deception be used in research?

<p>When it is the best way to obtain information (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a concern when constructing questions to avoid confusion?

<p>Avoiding double negatives to ensure clarity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major step in constructing surveys?

<p>Identifying specific research objectives (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of scale assigns items to distinct categories but does not measure their magnitude?

<p>Nominal scale (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a source of ideas for research objectives?

<p>Reviewing research done by others on the topic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a category that children's responses to the open question might fall into?

<p>Someone looked at me funny (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a concern when constructing questions to avoid ambiguity?

<p>Keeping items simple and unambiguous (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the experiment with photographs, what was the independent variable?

<p>The size of the pupils (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an operational definition in an experiment?

<p>To specify the exact meaning of a variable in terms of observable operations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dependent variable in the experiment with photographs?

<p>The rating of the women's attractiveness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to have both conceptual and operational definitions of variables?

<p>Because conceptual definitions are not enough to ensure replicability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between conceptual and operational definitions?

<p>Conceptual definitions are used in everyday language, while operational definitions are used in carrying out the experiment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of variables are operational definitions particularly useful for?

<p>Hypothetical constructs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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