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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of experimental research design?
What is the primary purpose of experimental research design?
What is a characteristic of quasi-experimental research design?
What is a characteristic of quasi-experimental research design?
What is the primary purpose of survey research?
What is the primary purpose of survey research?
What is an example of a semantic scale?
What is an example of a semantic scale?
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What is the primary advantage of experimental research design?
What is the primary advantage of experimental research design?
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What is a characteristic of cross-sectional research design?
What is a characteristic of cross-sectional research design?
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What is the primary purpose of correlational research?
What is the primary purpose of correlational research?
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What is an example of a statistical test used in educational research?
What is an example of a statistical test used in educational research?
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What is a characteristic of longitudinal research design?
What is a characteristic of longitudinal research design?
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What is the primary purpose of descriptive research?
What is the primary purpose of descriptive research?
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Study Notes
Research Design and Methods
- Descriptive designs: describe what is, observational, no control of variables, e.g., cross-sectional, comparative, and longitudinal designs.
- Correlational designs: investigate relationships between two or more variables, no control of variables, e.g., predictive, descriptive correlation, and model testing designs.
- Quasi-experimental designs: test cause-effect with no control, independent variable(s) not manipulated, e.g., post-test only, pre-post-test, and test-retest designs.
- Experimental designs: test cause-effect with control, independent variable(s) manipulated, e.g., classic pre-post-test, control group, and randomized control trials (RCTs) designs.
Research Questions and Hypotheses
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Research questions: investigate a topic/problem, inquisitive, written in question form, clear, concise, and sharp.
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Types of research questions:
- Causal: comparing two or more conditions, e.g., "Does the number of hours spent studying affect BEd in ECS subject achievement scores?"
- Descriptive: how much (change), how often of a phenomenon, e.g., "How often do BEd Hons in STEM/ECS Education students use Blackboard?"
- Comparative: establishing difference between two or more groups, e.g., "What is the difference in ICT use of BEd Hons students and PGCE students?"
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Research hypotheses:
- Predictive in nature
- Data collection meant to support or reject the hypothesis
- Hypothesis to include variables, the population, and the predicted relationship between variables
- Null hypothesis (H0): e.g., "There is no difference in Blackboard use among PGCE and BEd Hons in STEM/ECS students" or "µ1=µ2"
- Alternative hypothesis (H1): e.g., "There is a difference in achievement, there is a relationship, etc." or "µ1≠µ2"
Instrument Validity and Reliability
- Validity: an instrument must measure what it is supposed to measure, e.g., relationship between age-race-religion-language-residential area and academic achievement.
Quasi-experimental Research Design
- Tentatively investigates cause-effect relationships between two or more variables
- Researcher does not assign groups apriori (beforehand)
- No random assignment
- Research does not actively manipulate the independent variable(s)
- Experimental groups are identified and exposed non-randomly to the variable
- Experimental group results are compared with results from (control) groups that are NOT random
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Description
This quiz covers types of experimental designs, descriptive studies, and survey data analysis in educational research. It includes examples from TIMSS 2015 and NSC trend analysis data.
