Research Methods Definitions

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Questions and Answers

What is one common misconception about costs and benefits in public health?

  • Benefits are more tangible than costs.
  • Costs are usually long-term while benefits are short-term.
  • Those who benefit are the ones who must pay.
  • Costs are easier to calculate than benefits. (correct)

Which branch of government is responsible for carrying out public health laws in the United States?

  • Executive (correct)
  • Legislative
  • Judicial
  • Administrative

What is the primary objective of investigating a disease outbreak in public health?

  • To promote vaccination as the only method of disease control.
  • To eliminate all sources of infection.
  • To conduct field investigations for legal purposes.
  • To identify unreported cases to control disease spread. (correct)

Which risk perception is more likely acceptable to individuals according to public health studies?

<p>Familiar risks over unfamiliar risks. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is selection bias in public health research?

<p>Bias resulting from systematic differences between study participants and non-participants. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In public health decision-making, what process involves comparing sacrifices and gains of a specific action?

<p>Cost-benefit analysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of study involves comparing a group of individuals with a disease to individuals without the disease?

<p>Case-control study (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which experimental design helps to rule out the placebo effect as an explanation for differences in outcomes?

<p>Placebo-controlled study (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an experiment where neither the participant nor the researcher knows who has received the treatment or the placebo?

<p>Double-blind study (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of study counts the number of people with a disease and relates it to the population at risk?

<p>Prevalence study (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of study are participants not given the intervention being tested, and instead are given a placebo?

<p>Cohort study (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is used as an explanation for observed differences in outcomes between the control group and the intervention group?

<p>Placebo effect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of conducting randomized controlled trials on new drugs?

<p>To ensure harmful side effects are known before drug approval (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of registering all clinical trials in advance in a public database?

<p>To promote transparency and accountability in research (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the practice of testing every newborn for certain harmful disorders that may not be apparent at birth?

<p>Newborn screening (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do drug companies need to conduct randomized controlled trials specifically on new drugs?

<p>To identify potential harmful side effects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of measuring the frequency of health outcomes?

<p>To understand the occurrence of different health issues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to metabolic disorders that interfere with the body's use of nutrients at birth?

<p>Inborn errors of metabolism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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