Research Methods and Principles

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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'research' primarily refer to?

A random collection of data
An informal method of analysis
An unstructured approach to knowledge
A purposive and systematic process (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a component of the research process?

Inventing theories (correct)
Gathering data
Presenting findings
Analyzing data

What is the essence of research according to the content?

To create speculative theories
To establish new hypotheses
To find answers to problems raised (correct)
To confirm existing beliefs

What does 'controlled' refer to in the context of research?

Carefully preparing research instruments and measuring variables (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following aspects is associated with the systematic nature of research?

Following an orderly and organized procedure (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of research as stated in the content?

To expand or verify existing knowledge (A) Signup and view all the answers

Inquiry in research is a process aimed at searching for all of the following EXCEPT:

Immediate solutions (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'P' in the acronym M PISCES stand for?

Problem Solving (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of research ensures that it can attain valid and conclusive results by reproducing study conditions?

Replicable (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary focus of exploratory studies in research?

Identifying variables relevant to a situation (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of research is primarily concerned with developing theories and principles?

Basic or Pure Research (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic indicates that research is conducted in an orderly manner based on valid procedures?

Logical (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of research characteristics, what does 'empirical' mean?

Founded on direct experience or observation (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of a good researcher emphasizes the importance of valuing and pursuing knowledge?

Knowledge-oriented (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of using analytical procedures in research?

To ensure data is gathered through proven methods (B) Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of descriptive studies distinguishes them from exploratory studies?

They focus on variable relationships (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of research is associated with examining the effects of variables on one another?

Experimental Research (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of research reflects the need for a higher level of confidence, such as a 1.0 level?

Critical (C) Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Research: Meaning

Research is a purposive, systematic, and scientific process.
Involves gathering, analyzing, classifying, organizing, presenting, and interpreting data.
Aims for problem-solving, prediction, invention, discovery of truth, and expansion or verification of existing knowledge.
Ultimately seeks the preservation and improvement of the quality of life.

Research: Nature - M.PISCES

Method: Refers to the "how" of research; includes data collection design, sample identification, preparation of tools, and statistical treatment.
Problem Solving: Central to research; aimed at finding answers to raised problems.
Inquiry: Investigates problems and theories, seeking reliable knowledge through relevant studies.
Systematic: Conducted in a disciplined, orderly, and organized step-by-step manner.
Controlled: Observations must be controlled; ensuring validity, reliability, and precise measurement of variables.
Empirical: Necessitates gathering factual data that can be scrutinized and tested.

Research: Characteristics - C.CLEAR

Cyclical: Research begins and ends with problems needing solutions.
Critical: Involves careful judgment and requires a high level of confidence in outcomes.
Logical: Based on valid procedures; conducted in an orderly fashion to ensure reliable results.
Empirical: Based on the researcher’s direct experience and observations; focuses on practical data collection over theoretical knowledge.
Analytical: Employs proven analytical procedures for data gathering, such as historical, descriptive, and experimental methods.
Replicable: Research designs and procedures can be repeated, enhancing the validity of results through replication.

Research: Kinds

According to Goal:
- Basic or Pure Research: Aimed at developing theories for intellectual inquiry, commonly found in psychology and sociology.
- Applied Research: Tests the efficiency of theories and principles derived from pure research.
According to Level of Investigations:
- Exploratory Studies: Investigate variables relevant to specific situations.
- Descriptive Studies: Examine relationships among variables.
- Experimental Studies: Assess the effects of variables on each other.
According to Time Allotment:
- Historical Research: Describes past events.
- Descriptive Research: Focuses on current situations.
- Experimental Research: Projects future outcomes.

Characteristics of a Good Researcher

Knowledge-Oriented: Values the pursuit of knowledge and seeks to acquire and contribute to it.
Open-minded: Willing to consider diverse perspectives and information.
Hardworking: Dedicates effort to thorough research processes.
Resourceful: Utilizes available resources effectively to enhance research quality.
Scientific in Attitude: Approaches research with objectivity and a commitment to empirical evidence.

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