Research Methods and Methodology Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of a research problem statement?

  • To suggest methods for data collection
  • To describe an existing issue that needs addressing (correct)
  • To provide a summary of previous research
  • To outline possible solutions to a problem

Which of the following types of research is primarily concerned with exploring theories and basic principles?

  • Applied Research
  • Qualitative Research
  • Problem Solving
  • Basic Research (correct)

Why is it crucial to define a research problem accurately?

  • It reduces the overall cost of the research
  • It helps in making the research more interesting
  • It enables the researcher to discriminate useful data from unrelated data (correct)
  • It guarantees successful outcomes for the research

Which step is NOT part of the effective problem-solving process?

<p>Ignore conflicting interests (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of research is primarily focused on examining consumer preferences and shopping frequency?

<p>Descriptive research (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of an ill-defined research problem?

<p>Difficulty in identifying relevant data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which research methodology is best suited for addressing specific, practical problems?

<p>Applied Research (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes applied research from fundamental research?

<p>Applied research aims to solve immediate problems. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in an effective problem-solving process?

<p>Identify the issues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods is NOT typically associated with quantitative research?

<p>Motivational research (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of research methodology mentioned?

<p>Mixed Methods Research (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of fundamental research?

<p>To gather knowledge for knowledge’s sake (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of research investigates the reasons behind certain human behaviors?

<p>Qualitative research (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does research primarily aim to achieve?

<p>To systematically search for knowledge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes research methodology?

<p>The systematic and logical way research is conducted (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about ex post facto research is true?

<p>It is primarily used for descriptive studies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement differentiates research methods from research methodology?

<p>Research methodology focuses on the reasoning behind methods. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of research primarily utilizes already available facts for critical evaluation?

<p>Analytical research (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of qualitative research?

<p>Investigating quality or kind. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for researchers to understand both research methods and methodology?

<p>To solve problems effectively and investigate systematically. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the definition of research include?

<p>Defining problems and testing conclusions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do social scientists define research?

<p>As the manipulation of concepts to verify knowledge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT typically included in research methodology?

<p>Personal opinion surveys (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does testing conclusions play in research?

<p>It validates the reliability of the formulated hypothesis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in preparing a research report?

<p>Design the report (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the purpose of hypothesis testing?

<p>To find if hypothesis relates to facts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sequence of elements should be included in the main text of a research report?

<p>Objectives, hypothesis, methodology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is NOT a focus of ethics in business research?

<p>Maximizing profit from the research (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is generally required in the closing section of a research report?

<p>Summary of findings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method is used to ensure clarity in the information presented in a research report?

<p>Using charts and illustrations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an ethical consideration in research?

<p>Protecting participant rights (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of data exposition, which category involves summarizing research findings?

<p>Conclusion/Findings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes longitudinal research from one-time research?

<p>It involves multiple time periods. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does decision-oriented research differ from conclusion-oriented research?

<p>It is conducted based on a decision maker's needs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of explanatory research?

<p>It seeks to explain relationships between variables. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which research approach entails analyzing historical documents and past events?

<p>Historical research (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step is NOT typically included in the research process?

<p>Public Presentation of Findings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of research is most commonly associated with small sample sizes and detailed analysis?

<p>Case study research (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes operation research?

<p>It uses scientific methods for quantitative decision support. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is typically NOT a focus of diagnostic research?

<p>Formulating general theories. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of qualitative research?

<p>To discover underlying motives and desires of human beings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a technique employed in qualitative research?

<p>Observation-based analysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes empirical research from conceptual research?

<p>Empirical research relies on observation and experience while conceptual research is abstract (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about empirical research is correct?

<p>It is characterized by the researcher's control over the variables (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is qualitative research challenging to conduct?

<p>It involves complex interpersonal interactions and interpretations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In empirical research, what is the first step that researchers typically take?

<p>Formulating a working hypothesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be considered a characteristic of empirical research?

<p>Manipulation of variables to observe outcomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of research is primarily used for developing new concepts?

<p>Conceptual Research (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Longitudinal Research

Research conducted over a period of time, typically involving multiple data points.

One-Time Research

Research conducted at a single point in time, providing a snapshot of data.

Laboratory Research

Research conducted in a controlled laboratory setting, allowing for precise measurements and manipulation of variables.

Field Research

Research conducted in a real-world environment, providing insights into natural behavior.

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Explanatory Research

Research that aims to understand the causes and relationships between phenomena.

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Decision-Oriented Research

Research designed to solve a specific problem or answer a particular question.

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Conclusion-Oriented Research

Research driven by the researcher's curiosity and intellectual interest, exploring a topic freely.

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Operations Research

A type of research that uses scientific methods to provide quantitative data for decision-making.

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What is research?

The process of systematically gathering and analyzing information to solve a problem or gain insight into a specific topic.

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What is a hypothesis?

A statement that proposes a possible explanation for an observed phenomenon, which can be tested through research.

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What are research methods?

The specific techniques and approaches used to collect and analyze data in research, such as surveys, experiments, and interviews.

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What is research methodology?

The overarching framework that governs how research is conducted, encompassing the methods, philosophies, and logical principles used.

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How is research used in business?

The application of research methods and methodology to solve problems, explore ideas, and understand business situations.

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Research: Definition

A systematic process of gathering, analyzing, and interpreting data to understand a particular topic or issue. It can be used to uncover new knowledge, solve practical problems, or test existing theories.

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Research: Manipulation for Knowledge

The act of manipulating things, concepts, or symbols to systematically gather, analyze, and interpret data to expand, correct, or verify knowledge.

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Research: Applications

Research can be used to develop and refine theories, which provide a framework for understanding complex phenomena. It can also be applied to practical situations to improve efficiency, solve problems, and inform decision-making.

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Ex Post Facto Research

A research approach examining past events or situations to understand causes and effects, typically focusing on descriptive studies of consumer preferences, purchase frequency, and shopping behavior.

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Descriptive Research

Research that aims to describe and analyze existing phenomena, often using surveys, correlational methods, or comparisons.

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Analytical Research

Research that uses existing facts or information to analyze and critically evaluate a subject matter.

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Applied Research

Research undertaken to find solutions to immediate problems faced by businesses, organizations, or society.

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Fundamental Research

Research conducted to gain knowledge for knowledge's sake, focusing on general principles and theories.

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Quantitative Research

Research that focuses on quantifiable aspects, using statistical methods to analyze data.

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Qualitative Research

Research that examines qualitative aspects, exploring meanings, experiences, and motivations.

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Motivation Research

A type of qualitative research that aims to understand the underlying reasons for human behavior.

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Conceptual Research

A research method that focuses on abstract ideas and theories, often used by philosophers and thinkers to develop new concepts or reinterpret existing ones.

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Empirical Research

A research method that primarily relies on observation or experience, often involving experiments or data collection to prove or disprove a hypothesis.

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Working Hypothesis

A hypothesis that a researcher proposes before conducting empirical research. This hypothesis guides the research process and is then tested and either supported or refuted by the collected data.

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Experimental Design

The process of designing an experiment or study to manipulate the variables being investigated in order to obtain the desired information.

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Researcher's Control

The ability of a researcher to control and manipulate the variables being studied in an experiment. This is a key characteristic of empirical research.

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Empirical Evidences

The evidence collected from experimental or empirical studies, which are considered strong and reliable for testing a hypothesis.

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Other Types of Research

Research methods that are variations or combinations of other types of research. They incorporate elements of both qualitative and quantitative approaches.

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Research Problem

A thorough and unambiguous description of the issue being investigated. It defines the area of concern, the condition to be improved, or the question that the research aims to answer.

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Research Problem Statement

A concise statement that outlines the problem being addressed in the research study. It provides context and guides the direction of the investigation.

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Basic Research

Focuses on expanding knowledge and understanding fundamental principles without immediate practical applications. It aims to contribute to the existing body of knowledge.

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Problem Solving

Involves a systematic and structured approach to solving a problem. It uses data analysis, critical thinking, and strategic planning to find effective solutions.

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Problem Oriented Research

Involves identifying, analyzing, and defining a problem within a specific context. It sets the stage for research by clearly outlining the issue to be explored.

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Data Editing

The process of organizing and structuring raw data into a meaningful format for analysis. It involves converting data into a standardized format, identifying and correcting errors, and preparing it for further processing.

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Data Coding

Assigning numerical or categorical codes to data to facilitate analysis and interpretation. This helps organize and categorize data, making it easier to analyze.

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Data Classification

The process of grouping data into distinct categories based on shared characteristics or properties. This helps to make sense of large datasets by organizing them into meaningful groups.

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Data Tabulation

Presenting data in a structured and organized way using tables, charts, and graphs to illustrate relationships, trends, and patterns.

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Data Presentation

Presenting data in a way that is easy to understand and interpret. This can be done using various visual aids, such as tables, charts, graphs, and maps.

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Data Measurement

The process of assigning numerical values to variables or concepts, allowing for quantitative analysis. This can be done using various scales and methods.

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Hypothesis Testing

Testing a hypothesis to determine if it is supported by the collected data. This involves using statistical tests to analyze the data and draw conclusions.

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Generalization

Drawing general conclusions from specific observations or findings. This involves analyzing data to identify patterns and relationships and then applying them to a broader population.

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Study Notes

Research

  • Research involves defining and redefining problems, formulating hypotheses or suggested solutions, collecting and evaluating data, making deductions, reaching conclusions, and testing those conclusions.
  • It's a systematic search for knowledge, a scientific investigation of a particular topic or issue.
  • Research aims to extend, correct, or verify knowledge, aiding in theory construction or practical application in an art or science.

Research Methods vs Methodology

  • Research methods are the techniques used to conduct research.
  • Research methodology is the systematic and logical approach to solving research problems, analyzing methods, and understanding the process of research beyond the results.

Necessity of Defining a Research Problem

  • A clearly defined research problem helps separate relevant from irrelevant data.
  • A well-defined problem allows researchers to stay on track.

Identifying a Problem

  • Seven steps for effective problem-solving:
    • Identify the issue
    • Understand relevant interests
    • List possible solutions
    • Evaluate options
    • Select an option (or options)
    • Document agreements
    • Agree on contingencies, monitoring, and evaluation

Types of Research

  • Descriptive: Surveys, fact-finding, describing current states. Includes ex-post facto research (observing existing events without manipulating variables).
  • Analytical: Evaluates and interprets existing data.
  • Applied: Aims to solve immediate problems faced by businesses, organizations, etc.
  • Fundamental: Aims to build theory or gain knowledge.

Quantitative vs Qualitative Research

  • Quantitative: Measures quantity or amount, often with statistical methods.
  • Qualitative: Explores qualities, often involving in-depth interviews, observations.

Conceptual vs Empirical Research

  • Conceptual: Deals with theoretical ideas.
  • Empirical: Relies heavily on observation and experience.

Research Design in Primary Stages

  • Title, introduction, background, acknowledgement (if necessary), table of contents, charts, and data.
  • Main body: Objectives, hypotheses, methodology, and findings summarized per chapter.
  • Conclusion that covers the research's key themes.

Steps in Research Process

  • Select a research problem
  • Review existing literature; survey related information
  • Formulate hypotheses
  • Design research (methods, sampling, data collection)
  • Collect data from appropriate sources
  • Analyze the collected data
  • Test or confirm hypotheses
  • Prepare a report

Data Collection

  • Primary data: collected directly (experiments, interviews, surveys, observations)
  • Secondary data: collected from existing sources (reports, books, journals)

Data Analysis

  • Data processing (editing, coding, classifying, tabulating)
  • Data exposition (describing, explaining, narrating, drawing conclusions)
  • Hypothesis testing

Generalization and Interpretation

  • Using findings to create a general idea or broader theory that can explain/predict.

Preparation of a Report

  • Title page, intro, problem/background information, methodology, findings, conclusions, references/bibliography.

Ethical Considerations in Research

  • To avoid harming or negatively impacting participants.
  • Ethical treatment of respondents (confidentiality, consent, avoiding deception when possible).

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Research Methodology PDF

Description

This quiz explores the essential concepts of research methods and methodology, highlighting the importance of problem definition, data evaluation, and systematic investigation. It discusses techniques for conducting research and the significance of a well-defined research problem in ensuring effective outcomes. Test your understanding of these critical research components.

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