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Questions and Answers
What type of research focuses on non-numerical data and explores attitudes, behaviors, and motivations?
Which research design manipulates one or more variables and controls for extraneous variables?
What type of data is collected directly by the researcher through experiments, surveys, or observations?
What data analysis technique summarizes and describes the basic features of the data?
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Which ethical consideration involves protecting participants' personal information and ensuring anonymity?
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What research design is an in-depth examination of a single case or a small number of cases?
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What data collection method involves collecting data through self-report measures, such as questionnaires or interviews?
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What type of research seeks to quantify and generalize findings and uses statistical analysis to identify patterns and trends?
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Study Notes
Types of Research
- Qualitative Research: focuses on non-numerical data, explores attitudes, behaviors, and motivations, and seeks to understand phenomena in depth.
- Quantitative Research: focuses on numerical data, seeks to quantify and generalize findings, and uses statistical analysis to identify patterns and trends.
Research Designs
- Experimental Design: manipulates one or more variables, measures the effect, and controls for extraneous variables.
- Quasi-Experimental Design: lacks control over extraneous variables, but attempts to establish cause-and-effect relationships.
- Survey Research: collects data through self-report measures, such as questionnaires or interviews.
- Case Study: in-depth examination of a single case or a small number of cases.
- Content Analysis: analyzes texts, images, or videos to identify patterns and themes.
Data Collection Methods
- Primary Data: collected directly by the researcher through experiments, surveys, or observations.
- Secondary Data: collected from existing sources, such as literature reviews, databases, or archives.
- Observational Methods: participant observation, non-participant observation, and case studies.
- Self-Report Methods: surveys, questionnaires, interviews, and focus groups.
Data Analysis Techniques
- Descriptive Statistics: summarizes and describes the basic features of the data.
- Inferential Statistics: makes inferences about a population based on a sample of data.
- Thematic Analysis: identifies and codes patterns and themes in qualitative data.
- Content Analysis: quantifies and analyzes the content of texts, images, or videos.
Research Ethics
- Informed Consent: participants are aware of the research purpose, risks, and benefits.
- Privacy and Confidentiality: protects participants' personal information and ensures anonymity.
- Deception: avoids deceiving participants, unless necessary for the research purpose.
- Risk and Harm: minimizes risks and harm to participants.
Research Quality and Validity
- Internal Validity: ensures that the research design and methods are sound and free from bias.
- External Validity: generalizes the findings to the target population.
- Reliability: ensures consistency in the measurement and data collection process.
- Objectivity: minimizes researcher bias and ensures a neutral perspective.
Types of Research
- Qualitative Research explores attitudes, behaviors, and motivations through non-numerical data, aiming to understand phenomena in-depth.
- Quantitative Research focuses on numerical data, seeking to quantify and generalize findings, and using statistical analysis to identify patterns and trends.
Research Designs
- Experimental Design manipulates one or more variables, measures the effect, and controls for extraneous variables to establish cause-and-effect relationships.
- Quasi-Experimental Design lacks control over extraneous variables but attempts to establish cause-and-effect relationships.
- Survey Research collects data through self-report measures, such as questionnaires or interviews.
- Case Study involves an in-depth examination of a single case or a small number of cases.
- Content Analysis analyzes texts, images, or videos to identify patterns and themes.
Data Collection Methods
- Primary Data is collected directly by the researcher through experiments, surveys, or observations.
- Secondary Data is collected from existing sources, such as literature reviews, databases, or archives.
- Observational Methods include participant observation, non-participant observation, and case studies.
- Self-Report Methods involve surveys, questionnaires, interviews, and focus groups.
Data Analysis Techniques
- Descriptive Statistics summarizes and describes the basic features of the data.
- Inferential Statistics makes inferences about a population based on a sample of data.
- Thematic Analysis identifies and codes patterns and themes in qualitative data.
- Content Analysis quantifies and analyzes the content of texts, images, or videos.
Research Ethics
- Informed Consent ensures participants are aware of the research purpose, risks, and benefits.
- Privacy and Confidentiality protects participants' personal information and ensures anonymity.
- Deception should be avoided, unless necessary for the research purpose.
- Risk and Harm should be minimized to protect participants.
Research Quality and Validity
- Internal Validity ensures the research design and methods are sound and free from bias.
- External Validity allows for generalization of findings to the target population.
- Reliability ensures consistency in the measurement and data collection process.
- Objectivity minimizes researcher bias and ensures a neutral perspective.
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of research methods and designs, including qualitative and quantitative research, and experimental and quasi-experimental designs.
