Research Methods and Design

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Questions and Answers

What is a common definition of research?

  • An informal collection of opinions regarding a topic
  • A systematic and refined technique of thinking to solve problems (correct)
  • A subjective interpretation of observations
  • A random act of inquiry into unknown subjects

What does the purpose of research aim to achieve?

  • To simply gather vast amounts of data
  • To entertain the researcher
  • To serve man and improve understanding (correct)
  • To develop new technologies exclusively

Which characteristic of research involves the use of proven methods?

  • Cyclical
  • Analytical (correct)
  • Empirical
  • Subjective

What is one of the general characteristics of research?

<p>Empirical (B)</p>
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Which of the following is NOT considered a type of research?

<p>Experimental Research (B)</p>
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Why is the cyclical nature of research important?

<p>It starts and ends with a problem, promoting continuous inquiry (A)</p>
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What attribute of research involves making careful judgments?

<p>Critical (A)</p>
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What is the ultimate goal of research as described?

<p>To satisfy man’s craving for understanding and improve life (D)</p>
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What is a key component of the design process in engineering?

<p>Application development focused on Engineering process (B)</p>
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Which term best summarizes the approach to effective design?

<p>Optimum (B)</p>
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What does the Commission on Higher Education define in the Bachelor of Science in Electronics Engineering program?

<p>Application of both Hardware and Software Technologies (C)</p>
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What characterizes the final step in the design process according to the content?

<p>Integration and implementation in business processes (A)</p>
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What is a fundamental aspect of research as distinguished in the provided content?

<p>Systematic investigation to reach conclusions (C)</p>
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According to the content, what is part of the design process?

<p>Coding, testing, and debugging (A)</p>
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How is design described in the context of its completeness?

<p>Design is an iterative process with potential for improvement (B)</p>
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Which of the following is a reported reason for conducting research?

<p>To find problems that can potentially be fixed (A)</p>
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What is the primary goal of design according to Ashkey Karr?

<p>To enhance experiences in various environments (C)</p>
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How is research defined according to the American Society for Engineering Education?

<p>A careful investigation or study of a scholarly nature (D)</p>
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What is a distinguishing feature of design as opposed to research?

<p>Design focuses on predefined goals and specifications (B)</p>
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What does a good research problem need to be?

<p>Significant, perplexing, and challenging (A)</p>
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What is one common misunderstanding about the relationship between research and design?

<p>Research can inform the design process (A)</p>
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Which of the following statements about design is FALSE?

<p>Design always results in a new product (C)</p>
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Which of the following characteristics is NOT associated with a good research problem?

<p>Vague and general (A)</p>
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What does a design task typically involve according to the American Society for Engineering Education?

<p>Integrating existing knowledge to select optimal solutions (D)</p>
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What is the primary aim of pure research?

<p>To discover basic truths or principles (A)</p>
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Which type of research is characterized by the collection of non-numerical data?

<p>Qualitative Research (C)</p>
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What does action research primarily involve?

<p>Application of scientific method to improve practices (D)</p>
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What is the focus of experimental research?

<p>Manipulating variables to observe outcomes (B)</p>
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Which research method involves retrospective analysis of variables?

<p>Ex post Facto Research (D)</p>
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What is descriptive research primarily concerned with?

<p>Answering 'WHAT IS?' about subjects (B)</p>
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What kind of knowledge does applied research seek to acquire?

<p>Practical applications of scientific knowledge (C)</p>
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In the context of research, what does a case study aim to accomplish?

<p>Provide a comprehensive account of a specific event or related events (C)</p>
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Study Notes

Meaning of Research

  • Research is a systematic technique for problem-solving using specialized tools and procedures.
  • Defined as a systematic investigation to establish facts and reach new conclusions.
  • Aims to discover new or collate existing facts through scientific study and critical investigation.

Purpose of Research

  • Serves humanity and aims for quality of life improvement.
  • Enhances understanding and judgment.
  • Reduces workload, alleviates suffering, and increases satisfaction.

Characteristics of Research

  • Empirical: Based on direct observation or experience.
  • Logical: Follows valid procedures and principles.
  • Cyclical: Research starts and ends with a problem.
  • Analytical: Utilizes proven methods for data gathering.
  • Replicable: Allows for designs and procedures to be repeated for validity.
  • Critical: Involves careful and precise judgments.

Types of Research

  • Pure Research: Aims to discover fundamental truths; example includes Newton’s law.
  • Applied Research: Seeks practical applications of scientific knowledge; e.g., development of 6G telecommunications.
  • Action Research: Focused on immediate improvements in practices; e.g., methods of birth control.
  • Qualitative Research: Involves non-numerical data.
  • Quantitative Research: Presents findings in numerical form.

Research Methods

  • Descriptive Research: Addresses "WHAT IS?" through description and analysis of phenomena.
  • Historical Research: Involves selecting a topic and collecting data about past events for narrative construction.
  • Experimental Research: Investigates effects of controlled manipulation of variables.
  • Ex post Facto Research: Studies problems retrospectively based on existing variables.
  • Case Study Research: Systematic inquiry into specific events or sets of events.

Meaning of Design

  • In engineering, design is about devising systems or components to meet specific needs through optimal resource use.
  • The process is iterative and balances science, mathematics, and engineering principles.
  • Key focus is on achieving optimal solutions.

Design Process in Engineering

  • Involves application development emphasizing effective testing and resource optimization.
  • Integration and implementation of systems in business processes are crucial final steps.
  • Design is a continuous process aiming for perfection, despite inherent imperfections.

Distinction between Research and Design

  • Research involves systematic investigation to reach conclusions and understand the world.
  • Design is about creating form and functionality to enhance experiences.
  • Design tasks may require research, but focus on integrating existing knowledge rather than creating new knowledge.

Differences Highlighted by American Society for Engineering Education

  • Design is not research; it involves integrating knowledge and selecting optimal solutions for specific goals.
  • Research is exploratory and open-ended without guaranteed products, while design typically results in commercial products.
  • A well-defined research problem should be specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-bound.

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