Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of obtaining ethical clearance for a research study?
What is the primary purpose of obtaining ethical clearance for a research study?
- To minimize the risk of harm to individuals involved
- To ensure the study is statistically significant
- To determine the sample size of the study
- To hold researchers accountable for their actions (correct)
Which type of scale is used to classify measurements into classes, but does not imply any order or hierarchy?
Which type of scale is used to classify measurements into classes, but does not imply any order or hierarchy?
- Interval Scale
- Nominal Scale (correct)
- Ordinal Scale
- Ratio Scale
What is the term used to describe the process of identifying and defining the main question of a research study?
What is the term used to describe the process of identifying and defining the main question of a research study?
- Data Collection
- Research Question (correct)
- Hypothesis Testing
- Research Route
What is the primary advantage of using an ordinal scale?
What is the primary advantage of using an ordinal scale?
What is the term used to describe the degree to which the results of a study can be consistent and repeated?
What is the term used to describe the degree to which the results of a study can be consistent and repeated?
What is the primary purpose of identifying the dependent and independent variables in a research study?
What is the primary purpose of identifying the dependent and independent variables in a research study?
What is the term used to describe the extent to which research findings can be applied to other contexts?
What is the term used to describe the extent to which research findings can be applied to other contexts?
What is the term used to describe the steps taken to prepare for a research study?
What is the term used to describe the steps taken to prepare for a research study?
What is the primary purpose of holding a control variable constant in a study?
What is the primary purpose of holding a control variable constant in a study?
Which of the following research designs is most effective in eliminating maturation as a threat to internal validity?
Which of the following research designs is most effective in eliminating maturation as a threat to internal validity?
What is the primary advantage of using a sample instead of a population in a quantitative research study?
What is the primary advantage of using a sample instead of a population in a quantitative research study?
Which of the following is a threat to external validity?
Which of the following is a threat to external validity?
What is the primary purpose of using a sampling frame in a quantitative research study?
What is the primary purpose of using a sampling frame in a quantitative research study?
Which of the following can be a consequence of low internal validity in a quantitative research study?
Which of the following can be a consequence of low internal validity in a quantitative research study?
What is the primary purpose of measurement in a quantitative research study?
What is the primary purpose of measurement in a quantitative research study?
Which of the following research designs is most effective in minimizing history as a threat to internal validity?
Which of the following research designs is most effective in minimizing history as a threat to internal validity?
Which of the following research designs is characterized by the random allocation of test units to an experimental group and a control group, with measurements taken before and after the experimental group is exposed to a treatment?
Which of the following research designs is characterized by the random allocation of test units to an experimental group and a control group, with measurements taken before and after the experimental group is exposed to a treatment?
What is the primary concern of internal validity?
What is the primary concern of internal validity?
Which threat to internal validity is related to the potential for an unrelated event to influence the outcomes?
Which threat to internal validity is related to the potential for an unrelated event to influence the outcomes?
What is the primary concern of external validity?
What is the primary concern of external validity?
Which research design is used to minimize the threat of sensitization by the pre-test?
Which research design is used to minimize the threat of sensitization by the pre-test?
What is the primary purpose of using simulations as a data collection method?
What is the primary purpose of using simulations as a data collection method?
Which of the following is a characteristic of case studies?
Which of the following is a characteristic of case studies?
What is the term for the improper implementation of data collection methods?
What is the term for the improper implementation of data collection methods?
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Study Notes
Research Study Fundamentals
- Reliability is the degree to which a study's results can be consistent and repeated.
- A "Research Route" involves preparing for a research study by identifying the main question, deciding on necessary information, identifying dependent and independent variables, and listing null and alternative hypotheses.
Research Proposal
- Obtaining Ethical Clearance is essential to ensure accountability and minimize harm to individuals involved in the research.
- Ethical Clearance is a "go-ahead" granted by a research committee that assesses the research study's aims, methods, and intentions.
Data Types
- Nominal Scales: classify measurements into categories using labels (e.g., gender, nationality).
- Ordinal Scales: list measurements in distinct order (e.g., "low, middle, high").
- Interval Scales: numerical scales without a "true zero" (e.g., temperature).
Quantitative Research Process
- Quantitative Research is the process of collecting and analyzing numerical data to find patterns, averages, and test causality.
- Key terms: Population, Sample, Sampling Unit, Sampling Frame, Variable, Control Variable, Independent Variable, Dependent Variable, Validity.
Research Design
- The pretest-posttest control group design is a type of true experimental design where test units are randomly allocated to an experimental group and a control group.
- Solomon's Four-Group Design is a research method that can be used to minimize the influence of pre-tests on the results.
Internal and External Validity
- Internal Validity: the degree of confidence that the causal relationship being tested is trustworthy and not influenced by other factors.
- External Validity: the extent to which results from a study can be applied to other situations, groups, or events.
- Factors that threaten internal validity include history, selection, and unreliable instrumentation.
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