Research Methodology: Reliability and Research Route
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of obtaining ethical clearance for a research study?

  • To minimize the risk of harm to individuals involved
  • To ensure the study is statistically significant
  • To determine the sample size of the study
  • To hold researchers accountable for their actions (correct)
  • Which type of scale is used to classify measurements into classes, but does not imply any order or hierarchy?

  • Interval Scale
  • Nominal Scale (correct)
  • Ordinal Scale
  • Ratio Scale
  • What is the term used to describe the process of identifying and defining the main question of a research study?

  • Data Collection
  • Research Question (correct)
  • Hypothesis Testing
  • Research Route
  • What is the primary advantage of using an ordinal scale?

    <p>It allows for the ranking of data in a specific order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the degree to which the results of a study can be consistent and repeated?

    <p>Reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of identifying the dependent and independent variables in a research study?

    <p>To understand the relationships between variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the extent to which research findings can be applied to other contexts?

    <p>External Validity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the steps taken to prepare for a research study?

    <p>Research Route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of holding a control variable constant in a study?

    <p>To prevent it from interfering with the results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following research designs is most effective in eliminating maturation as a threat to internal validity?

    <p>Solomon's Four group design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using a sample instead of a population in a quantitative research study?

    <p>Reduced cost and time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a threat to external validity?

    <p>Sampling bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using a sampling frame in a quantitative research study?

    <p>To select the sampling units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can be a consequence of low internal validity in a quantitative research study?

    <p>Misleading conclusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of measurement in a quantitative research study?

    <p>To accurately measure the variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following research designs is most effective in minimizing history as a threat to internal validity?

    <p>Solomon's Four group design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following research designs is characterized by the random allocation of test units to an experimental group and a control group, with measurements taken before and after the experimental group is exposed to a treatment?

    <p>Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern of internal validity?

    <p>The trustworthiness of the causal relationship being tested</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which threat to internal validity is related to the potential for an unrelated event to influence the outcomes?

    <p>History</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern of external validity?

    <p>The extent to which results can be generalized to other situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which research design is used to minimize the threat of sensitization by the pre-test?

    <p>Solomon's Three- or Four-Group Design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using simulations as a data collection method?

    <p>To make scientific innovations and solutions to problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of case studies?

    <p>Descriptive in nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the improper implementation of data collection methods?

    <p>Instrumentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Research Study Fundamentals

    • Reliability is the degree to which a study's results can be consistent and repeated.
    • A "Research Route" involves preparing for a research study by identifying the main question, deciding on necessary information, identifying dependent and independent variables, and listing null and alternative hypotheses.

    Research Proposal

    • Obtaining Ethical Clearance is essential to ensure accountability and minimize harm to individuals involved in the research.
    • Ethical Clearance is a "go-ahead" granted by a research committee that assesses the research study's aims, methods, and intentions.

    Data Types

    • Nominal Scales: classify measurements into categories using labels (e.g., gender, nationality).
    • Ordinal Scales: list measurements in distinct order (e.g., "low, middle, high").
    • Interval Scales: numerical scales without a "true zero" (e.g., temperature).

    Quantitative Research Process

    • Quantitative Research is the process of collecting and analyzing numerical data to find patterns, averages, and test causality.
    • Key terms: Population, Sample, Sampling Unit, Sampling Frame, Variable, Control Variable, Independent Variable, Dependent Variable, Validity.

    Research Design

    • The pretest-posttest control group design is a type of true experimental design where test units are randomly allocated to an experimental group and a control group.
    • Solomon's Four-Group Design is a research method that can be used to minimize the influence of pre-tests on the results.

    Internal and External Validity

    • Internal Validity: the degree of confidence that the causal relationship being tested is trustworthy and not influenced by other factors.
    • External Validity: the extent to which results from a study can be applied to other situations, groups, or events.
    • Factors that threaten internal validity include history, selection, and unreliable instrumentation.

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    Description

    Understand the concept of reliability in research and the steps involved in the research route, including identifying the main question and deciding on the necessary information.

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