Research Methodology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the nature of qualitative data?

  • It can be quantified through statistical analysis.
  • It involves fixed and universal measurements.
  • It is generally descriptive and expressed in non-numerical terms. (correct)
  • It is primarily obtained through quantitative surveys.

    • What is one primary purpose of the methodology section in a research study?

  • To present the research findings and conclusions.
  • To provide an overview of the historical context of the research.
  • To suggest future research opportunities.
  • To justify the selection of the sample population. (correct)

    • In which scenario would a subject sample typically be used?

  • When conducting a census of an entire population.
  • In experimental studies with minimal participation. (correct)
  • During interviews for detailed qualitative insights.
  • For distributing surveys to a wide audience.

    • What characteristic distinguishes quantitative data from qualitative data?

    <p>It is focused on statistical and factual analysis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is NOT typically included when describing a research methodology?

    <p>Historical background of the field. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of identifying a population in research methodology?

    <p>To establish a group of individuals with shared characteristics of interest. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might a researcher use informants in their study?

    <p>To guide the researcher with expert knowledge and insights. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data collection method is likely to yield qualitative data?

    <p>In-depth interviews and open-ended discussions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a sample from a population in research?

    <p>A sample is a subset of the population studied. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sampling method involves selecting individuals based on their accessibility to the researcher?

    <p>Convenience Sampling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of quantitative data analysis focuses on summarizing individual variables and finding patterns?

    <p>Descriptive Analysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which qualitative analysis method emphasizes the stories and experiences of people to address research questions?

    <p>Narrative Analysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of systematic sampling as a method of probability sampling?

    <p>It involves selecting every nth individual from a sequence. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of purposive sampling?

    <p>It selects individuals based on their specific characteristics related to the study. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the concept of grounded theory?

    <p>Studying data from various cases to explain phenomena. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of pronouns should be used for non-specific nouns or indefinite pronouns?

    <p>They should include 'his or her'. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In quantitative data analysis, what does correlation primarily describe?

    <p>The relationship between two or more variables. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does thematic analysis primarily aim to identify within qualitative data?

    <p>Patterns and themes that recur across data sets. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of nouns will always take a singular verb even if they appear plural?

    <p>Mass nouns. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Qualitative Data

    Data that describes qualities or characteristics, not numbers. It's expressed in words, not numbers.

    Quantitative Data

    Data that can be measured or counted, expressed as numbers.

    Research Methodology

    The plan of actions to investigate the research problem.

    Population

    All individuals or items that meet specific criteria for a study.

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    Sample

    A part of a population used in a study.

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    Subject Selection

    Choosing participants for a research study.

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    Sampling Procedure

    The method used to select a sample from a population.

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    Respondent

    A person who answers questions in a survey.

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    Informant

    An expert who provides information to a researcher.

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    Data Types

    Categories of data collected in a study (qualitative and quantitative).

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    Probability Sampling

    A sampling method where each individual in a population has an equal chance of being selected, ensuring a representative sample.

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    Simple Random Sampling

    A type of probability sampling where every individual has an equal chance of being selected, like drawing names from a hat.

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    Systematic Sampling

    A type of probability sampling where you select every nth individual from a list, ensuring a regular spread.

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    Convenience Sampling

    A non-probability sampling method where participants are selected based on their ease of access to the researcher.

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    Purposive Sampling

    A non-probability sampling method where participants are specifically selected based on their specific characteristics or knowledge relevant to the research.

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    Snowball Sampling

    A non-probability sampling method where initial participants recommend other participants who meet the research criteria.

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    Descriptive Analysis

    The initial level of quantitative data analysis that summarizes individual variables and finds patterns using statistical measures like mean, median, mode, and frequency.

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    Inferential Analysis

    A level of quantitative data analysis that examines relationships between multiple variables to make predictions and generalizations about the population.

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    Content Analysis

    A common method for analyzing qualitative data, focusing on texts, media, or physical items to identify patterns and themes.

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    Thematic Analysis

    An umbrella term for a group of methods in qualitative data analysis that identify patterns and themes within the data, often used to understand underlying meanings and experiences.

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    Study Notes

    Research Methodology

    • Research methodology outlines procedures and techniques for investigating research problems.
    • Explains the rationale behind chosen methods.

    Data Types

    • Qualitative Data: Cannot be measured numerically; described in words. Focuses on "why" and "how." Generated through observations and interviews. Subjective and dynamic.
    • Quantitative Data: Measurable and countable information. Expressed in numbers. Focuses on "how many," "how much," or "how often." Objective and fixed. Analyzed using statistical methods.

    Methodology Inclusions

    • Restate the research problem and expected outcomes.
    • Detail the overall methodology.
    • Justify the chosen methodology's suitability.
    • Justify subject selection and sampling procedures.
    • Detail data collection methods.
    • Describe data analysis methods.
    • Identify potential limitations.

    Population and Sample

    • Population: A group of individuals with shared characteristics relevant to the research.
    • Sample: A selected portion of the population. Researchers clearly define the sample in their methodology.

    Types of Samples

    • Subject: Least involvement; often in experimental studies.
    • Respondents: Individuals who answer surveys.
    • Informants: Experts who provide information.
    • Participants: Most involvement; often in observation studies.

    Common Sampling Methods

    • Probability Sampling: Each member has an equal chance of selection.
      • Simple Random Sampling: Every individual has an equal chance of selection.
      • Systematic Sampling: Selecting every nth member from a list.
    • Non-Probability Sampling: Not every member has an equal chance of selection.
      • Convenience Sampling: Choosing a convenient sample.
      • Purposive Sampling: Selecting a sample based on specific criteria.
      • Snowball Sampling: Identifying participants through existing participants.

    Data Gathering

    • Quantitative:
      • Experiment: Manipulates an independent variable to observe its effect on a dependent variable.
      • Survey: Questions administered in person, by phone, or online.
      • Observation: Monitoring behaviors or occurrences in their natural setting.
      • Secondary Research: Collecting data previously gathered for other purposes.
    • Qualitative:
      • Observation: Detailed recording of behaviors using field notes.
      • Interview: One-on-one conversation with individuals.
      • Focus Group: Structured discussion among a group.
      • Survey: Questionnaires with open-ended questions.
      • Secondary Research: Data from texts, images, audio, or video.

    Data Analysis

    • Quantitative:
      • Descriptive Analysis: Summarizes data numerically (e.g., mean, median, mode, frequency, percentage, range)..
      • Inferential Analysis: Examines relationships between variables (e.g., correlation, regression, ANOVA).
    • Qualitative:
      • Content Analysis: Analyzing written or visual data (texts, media).
      • Narrative Analysis: Analyzing stories and experiences from interviews or observations.
      • Discourse Analysis: Analyzing communication interactions and context.
      • Thematic Analysis: Identifying recurring themes from qualitative data.
      • Grounded Theory: Developing explanations for phenomena through detailed case studies.

    Grammar

    • Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement: Pronouns and antecedents must correspond in number.
    • Subject-Verb Agreement: Singular subjects require singular verbs; plural subjects require plural verbs.
    • Collective Nouns: Can be singular or plural, depending on the context.
    • Indefinite Pronouns: Can be singular, plural, or both, based on their use.

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    Description

    Test your understanding of research methodology concepts, including data types and methodology inclusions. This quiz covers qualitative and quantitative data, as well as the population and sample in research. Enhance your skills in justifying research techniques and analyzing data!

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