Research Methodology and Ethics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What should be explained to participants if someone other than the experimenter will have access to the data?

The purpose of the study

The funding sources for the study

The identities of all researchers involved

Plans for maintaining confidentiality (correct)

Nominal data is characterized by what type of variable?

Variables that can be ranked

Categorical variables with no order (correct)

Variables that measure quantity

Continuous variables subject to statistical analysis

Which ethical principle corresponds to the responsibility of counselors to conduct research that benefits their clients?

Nonmaleficence

Justice

Fidelity

Beneficence (correct)

When reporting research results, what is a key responsibility of the researcher?

To present findings clearly and understandably (B) Signup and view all the answers

To assess the risk/benefit ratio of a study, which course of action is recommended?

Select participants with certain resilience characteristics (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the discussion section of a research report?

Summary of findings in context of prior research (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which component of a research paper discusses the study's limitations?

Discussion (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the hourglass format of writing, which section represents the bottom?

Discussion (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is crucial when selecting a research topic?

Developing an original research method (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of construct validity in a study?

Relevance of chosen constructs (D) Signup and view all the answers

How is a population defined in research terminology?

The totality of research observations (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does Gelso's bubble hypothesis illustrate about research results?

Results can be skewed at the extremes of the data curve (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the method section of a research report?

Overview of participants and procedures (D) Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does an alternative hypothesis address in statistical tests?

That there is a relationship between variables (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these identifies a riskier approach for inexperienced researchers?

Using personal observations as research ideas (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of study data is characterized by both identity and magnitude?

Ordinal data (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of systematic sampling bias in research results?

Impacts the generalizability to the larger population (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated when an experimental study is described as relying on a controlled laboratory setting?

Manipulations are structured rather than organic (C) Signup and view all the answers

In research, which hypothesis asserts that no relationship exists between variables?

Null hypothesis (A) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Confidentiality and Ethics in Research

Participants must be informed if someone other than the experimenter will access data.
Ethical principles guide counselors to research ensuring client welfare, particularly the principle of beneficence.

Data Types and Research Validity

Nominal data involves categories without rank or order.
Ordinal data has characteristics of both identity and magnitude, allowing for ranking.
Internal and external validity are critical for research methodologies, with descriptive laboratory studies exhibiting high internal validity.

Reporting Research Findings

Researchers must present findings clearly and understandably, avoiding biased interpretations and filtering.
The discussion section should summarize findings, highlight limitations, and suggest future research directions.

Research Design and Hypotheses

True experimental designs manipulate independent variables to assess effects on dependent variables.
Relationships between constructs can be explored through relationship questions.
Construct validity assesses how accurately the study's variables reflect the intended hypothetical constructs.

Sampling and Generalizability

A population consists of observations or scores, while a sample is a subset of the population.
Random sampling is essential for generalizability, but researcher biases can affect sample characteristics, impacting study results.

Early Research on Ethnic Minorities

Early studies pathologized ethnic minorities, reflecting societal biases and assuming problems stemmed from deprivation of modern values.

Key Definitions and Concepts

An alternative hypothesis in statistical tests suggests a relationship exists between variables.
Gelso's bubble hypothesis indicates research results may be skewed at extreme ends of the bell curve.

Responsibilities in Research

Researchers have a duty to acknowledge contributions of others involved in the study and to assess risks versus benefits effectively.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the ethical principles and research methodologies critical in conducting studies. This quiz covers confidentiality, data types, validity, and effective reporting of research findings. Understand the nuances of experimental design and its implications for researchers.