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Questions and Answers
What type of research has immediate application and is referred to as applied research?
Which statement best describes quantitative research?
What is the primary objective of qualitative research?
Which characteristic describes mixed research methodologies?
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What type of questions can descriptive research primarily answer?
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Which of the following is NOT a defining feature of quantitative research?
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In which format is qualitative data typically expressed?
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Which type of research specifically aims to systematically describe a population or phenomenon?
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What is the primary goal of analytical research?
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Which characteristic best defines exploratory research?
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What type of research is designed to verify and quantify exploratory findings?
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Which of the following is NOT typically a characteristic of conclusive research?
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Which research method is characterized by flexibility and an open-ended nature?
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What distinguishes qualitative research from quantitative research?
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What is a common application of mixed research methods?
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In analytical research, what is typically analyzed to evaluate complex phenomena?
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Which type of research seeks to evaluate the validity of a hypothesis or relationship between variables?
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What is the primary goal of descriptive research studies?
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Which of the following is an example of primary research?
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Qualitative research is primarily associated with which type of data?
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What characterizes mixed research methods?
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What is the objective of analytical research studies?
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Which of the following research methods is NOT a form of quantitative research?
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What best describes the purpose of exploratory research?
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Study Notes
Research Methodology Lecture Notes
- Research methodologies are diverse, categorized by purpose and data type.
- Hypothesis-testing research aims to verify relationships between variables in a specific framework.
- Diagnostic research determines the frequency of occurrences and associations.
- Descriptive research accurately portrays characteristics of individuals, situations, or groups.
- Exploratory research explores a phenomenon to gain familiarity or new insights.
Research Purposes
- Research is undertaken for various reasons.
- Basic research generates new knowledge without focusing on application.
- Applied research aims to solve problems or develop new technology to benefit humanity or nature.
- Fundamental and basic research aims to improve scientific theories for better understanding phenomena.
- It focuses on expanding knowledge of a certain topic or occurrence.
- This type of research is driven by curiosity.
- It involves investigating theoretical explanations of the phenomenon.
- Basic research forms a foundation for applied research.
Types of Research
- Fundamental/Basic, Longitundinal, Applied, Exploratory, Explanatory, Descriptive, Action, Correlational, Policy-Oriented, Mixed, Quantitative, Qualitative, Primary and Secondary.
Primary Research
- Primarily involves original data collection.
- Data results from the researcher's original experiment or investigation. The study design, methods, and data collection process are meticulously detailed.
- Researchers present collected data in results sections.
- Readers use the detailed methods, analysis, and results to assess the study's quality.
- Researchers conduct an overview of topics and their place within current scholarly conversation.
Secondary Research
- Primarily depends on existing research.
- Researchers use existing data to address a particular research question.
- Researchers include little detail about the methodology of the initial analyses.
- The author may generalize the results of multiple studies or highlight the ones that are important.
- Examples include literature reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses.
Research Design
- Primary vs. Secondary: Primary is original research, while secondary involves reviewing existing data/research.
- Exploratory: Investigates unsolved questions. It is often qualitative (e.g., surveys, interviews, focus groups).
- Conclusive: Aims to confirm or test hypotheses. It frequently employs quantitative methods for large-scale testing (e.g., experiments, statistical analysis).
Nature of Study: Descriptive Research
- Aims to accurately describe a population, situation or phenomenon.
- Answers 'what', 'where', 'when' and 'how' questions.
- Avoids answering 'why' questions.
- Methods for data collection may include survey, observation or case study.
Nature of Study: Analytical Research
- Involves in-depth study/evaluation of existing data to explain complex phenomena.
- Researchers critically evaluate existing information to draw conclusions.
- Examples include historical research, philosophical research, and research synthesis.
Qualitative Research
- Focuses on non-numerical data (e.g., words and feelings).
- Aims to understand situations and meanings.
- Used for exploratory research.
- Qualitative data cannot be presented graphically.
- Used for investigating the 'why' and 'how' behind decision-making processes.
Quantitative Research
- Focuses on numerical data.
- Used to measure and quantify aspects.
- Applies statistics or mathematics.
- Frequently involves conclusions.
- Often used to investigate the 'what', 'where', 'when' of decision-making.
- Investigates the relationship between dependent/independent variables.
Mixed Research
- Combines qualitative and quantitative approaches.
- Utilized various data, including variables, words, and images.
- Offers researchers numerous choices in design (e.g., sequential and concurrent strategies).
- Quality control and ethical considerations are essential aspects of mixed research studies.
Purpose of study, fundamental and basic research
- Involves the generation of new knowledge through the study of a particular phenomenon without focusing on the immediate utility of the findings.
- Aims to improve scientific theories for better insights into natural or similar phenomena.
- It aims to expand existing knowledge.
- Driven by curiosity to discover the 'how', 'what' and 'why'.
- It leads to investigating potential implications of the hypothesis.
Purpose of study, applied research
- Uses scientific theories/principles to develop technologies or techniques that can intervene and change natural/other phenomena for the benefit of humankind.
- Aims to improve and benefit people.
- Helpful in expanding insights from basic research.
Quantitative Research
- Is numerical, non-descriptive.
- Applies statistics or mathematics.
- Iterative process of evidence evaluation.
- Often presents results in tables or graphs.
- Conclusive.
- Investigates the 'what', 'where', and 'when' of decision-making.
Qualitative Research
- Non-numerical, descriptive.
- Applies reasoning; uses words.
- Aims to understand meaning, feelings, and describe a situation.
- Data cannot be graphed.
- Exploratory.
- Investigates the 'why' and 'how' of decision-making.
Mixed Research
- Combines quantitative and qualitative approaches.
- Nature of the data includes mixed variables, words, and images.
- Offers choices in design approaches (sequential or concurrent).
- Defining features, control methods, and ethical concerns are essential parts of the study.
Conclusive Research
- Aims to provide actionable insights for decision-making.
- Verifies and quantifies findings from exploratory studies.
- Usually involves using quantitative methods of data collection and analysis.
- Often follows a deductive approach, testing hypotheses.
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Description
Explore the various research methodologies including hypothesis-testing, diagnostic, descriptive, and exploratory research. This quiz will help you understand the purposes behind different types of research, such as basic and applied research. Enhance your grasp of how research can expand knowledge and solve real-world problems.
