Research Methodologies in Data Collection

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary objective of exploratory and qualitative research that utilizes non-probability sampling methods?

To establish a causal relationship between variables

To test a hypothesis about a broad population

To develop an initial understanding of a small or under-researched population (correct)

To identify the research problem

What is the term for the complete group of people, sales territories, stores, etc. that share a common set of characteristics?

Research Unit

Population (correct)

Subset

Sample

Which sampling strategy is used to select participants based on preselected criteria based on the research question?

Quota Sampling

Random Sampling

Purposeful Sampling (correct)

Snowball Sampling

What is the term for the sampling technique where participant quotas are preset prior to sampling?

Quota Sampling Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for Snowball Sampling?

Chain Referral Sampling Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to use sampling procedures in qualitative research?

It is not possible to study the totality of the population Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using the snowball sampling method in research?

It enables researchers to find and recruit hard-to-reach participants. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the point at which researchers stop collecting data because they are no longer gaining new insights from respondents?

Data saturation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary strength of observational research?

It enables researchers to directly observe social phenomena. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the introductory section of an interview protocol?

To provide instructions to the interviewer. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for selecting research sites based on convenience and accessibility?

Convenience sampling Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of collecting basic information about the interview in an interview protocol?

To indicate the time and date of the interview. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of asking opening questions in an interview?

To establish a rapport with the participant and make them feel at ease Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of developing an observational protocol?

To systematically record observation notes Signup and view all the answers

What should be the primary focus of the researcher during the observation?

Only the aspects relevant to the research question Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the process of observing, according to Creswell (2007)?

Selecting the research site Signup and view all the answers

What should the researcher do after completing the observation?

Slowly withdraw from the site and thank the participants Signup and view all the answers

What type of questions should be avoided in an interview?

Very personal questions Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Types of Questions in Research

Opening questions: used to get to know participants, make them feel at ease, and relate to their work or activities
Content questions: sub-questions based on the central phenomenon being studied

Steps in Observational Research

Select the research site: gain access through a letter of consent
Develop an observational protocol: record observation notes, including descriptive and reflective notes
Focus on observation: prioritize what catches your attention and relates to the research question
Determine your role: as a researcher, decide how you will participate in the observation
Record field notes: use the observational protocol to record observations, arranging them chronologically
Slowly withdraw: thank participants and ask for referrals to others who may be able to contribute to the study

Data Collection Procedures

Observation: a systematic data collection approach that uses all senses to examine people in natural settings
Advantages of observation: allows direct access to the social phenomenon, captures true views and behaviors

Classification of Observation Methods

No details provided

Parts of an Interview Protocol

Basic information: time, date, location, and participants
Introduction: instructions to the interviewer, including objectives and self-introduction

Sampling Methods

Non-probability sampling methods: appropriate for exploratory and qualitative research
Purposive sampling: selects participants based on preselected criteria
Quota sampling: presets participant quotas based on characteristics such as age, sex, and class
Snowball sampling (Chain Referral Sampling): participants refer others who may be able to contribute to the study

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Description

This quiz covers different research methodologies used in data collection, including referral sampling, convenience sampling, and saturation point.