Research Methodology Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following instruments is primarily used in quantitative research?

  • Document Method
  • Product Evaluation Checklist
  • Interview Questions
  • Questionnaire (correct)

What is the main purpose of the Likert Scale in research instruments?

  • To record open-ended responses
  • To analyze experimental products
  • To express opinions through multiple-choice questions
  • To quantify responses through numerical scales (correct)

Which method involves collecting data through direct interaction with respondents?

  • Observation Method
  • Survey/Questionnaire Method
  • Document Method
  • Interview Method (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a method for collecting primary data?

<p>Literary Analysis Method (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an Assessment specifically measure?

<p>Competency based on academic disciplines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these instruments is best suited for qualitative research?

<p>Interview Questions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In research methodology, which procedure is mainly used to gather written sources?

<p>Document Method (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'data' refer to in the context of research?

<p>Important details used to generate information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic defines correlational research?

<p>It examines the relationship between two major variables. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following primarily concerns the representation of a target population in a study?

<p>Sampling Techniques (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sampling method involves selecting a predefined group based on specific characteristics?

<p>Stratified Sampling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of research design focuses on structured quantitative approaches?

<p>Descriptive Research (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of instrumentation in research methodology?

<p>To structure the research instruments used for data collection. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes cluster sampling?

<p>A geographical approach to sampling a population. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the total number of individuals in the research population?

<p>Population (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sampling technique uses a pattern or sequence for selecting samples?

<p>Systematic Sampling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines primary data in research?

<p>Data acquired directly from the source through means like interviews or surveys. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statistical treatment is used to measure differences among three or more variables?

<p>Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a consent letter in a research questionnaire?

<p>To inform respondents about the study and obtain their permission. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following measures the correlation between two variables?

<p>Pearson - r (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of research does validity refer to?

<p>The relevance and accuracy of what is being measured. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of secondary data?

<p>It is published data that can be accessed through various media. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of a research questionnaire provides clear instructions to respondents?

<p>Directions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the weighted mean measure in research?

<p>The average responses to each research statement based on their significance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does reliability refer to in the context of data results?

<p>The consistency of data results (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is NOT a technique for data collection?

<p>Statistical analysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In data organization, how is frequency typically determined?

<p>By counting and tallying (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of tables used in data presentation?

<p>They consist of rows and columns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a bar graph primarily display?

<p>The magnitude of frequency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In data interpretation, what does the process include?

<p>Explaining and restating findings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered an element of a table?

<p>Graphical representation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of graph shows variations in intervals and ranges?

<p>Histogram (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Research Design

The overall plan for a research study, including the type of research (e.g., descriptive, correlational, quasi-experimental, experimental).

Descriptive Research

A type of research that focuses on describing the characteristics of a given phenomenon, or the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

Correlational Research

A type of research that examines the relationship between two or more variables. It does not show cause and effect.

Probability Sampling

A sampling method in which each member of the population has a known, non-zero chance of being selected for the sample.

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Simple Random Sampling

A probability sampling method where every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen.

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Target Population

The specific group of individuals that a researcher wants to study.

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Instrumentation

The process of creating or selecting research tools (questionnaires, tests, etc.) to collect data.

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Sample Size

The number of participants in a research sample.

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Research Instrument

A tool used to collect data in a research study.

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Questionnaire

A set of pre-determined questions used to collect data, often in quantitative research.

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Interview Questions

Formal questions used to gain insight into opinions and ideas about a topic, often in qualitative research.

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Likert Scale

A rating scale where participants quantify their agreement with statements on a numerical scale (e.g., 1-5).

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Primary Data

Data collected directly by the researcher from the source (e.g., interviews, surveys, observations, experiments).

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Interview Method

Collecting data by asking targeted questions to participants, often used in qualitative studies.

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Survey

Collecting data using pre-determined questions, distributing them widely to many participants, sometimes via online forms.

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Secondary Data

Data collected from existing sources like published materials or the internet.

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Data

Collected information used to produce results and analysis.

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Parametric z-test

A statistical test measuring the effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable.

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Pearson-r

A statistical test measuring the correlation or association between two variables.

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Document Method

Collecting existing written materials to support research (e.g., journal articles, reports).

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Research Instrument

A quantitative tool used to record responses based on research statements.

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Questionnaire

A quantitative research instrument used to gather insights and perspectives from respondents based on structured statements.

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Validity

The extent to which a research instrument measures what it is supposed to measure.

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Research Questionnaire Parts

Components of a research questionnaire, including consent letter, instructions, research statements, rating scales, and descriptions for the rating scales.

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Data Reliability

Consistency of data results.

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Data Collection Techniques

Methods to gather research data (survey, experiment, etc.).

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Data Presentation Methods

Ways to display data (tables, graphs).

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Data Analysis in Quantitative Research

Converting data into results using statistical methods.

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Data Interpretation

Explaining data findings in a research study.

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Table in Data Presentation

Organized data in rows and columns.

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Graph Data Presentation

Visual representation of data trends and frequency

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Elements of a Table

Title, rows, columns, column labels, and data content of a table.

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Study Notes

Methodology

  • Methodology is a systematic approach to collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data from respondents.
  • It involves defining research designs, selecting appropriate instruments, and describing how data is gathered.
  • It explains how the respondents were recruited and the statistical methods used.

Parts of the Methodology

  • Research design: The type of quantitative research (e.g., descriptive, correlational, quasi-experimental, experimental).
  • Sample and Sampling Techniques: Procedures for selecting a representative subset of the population (e.g., simple random, stratified, cluster, systematic).
  • Instrumentation: Tools used to measure variables (e.g., questionnaires, interviews, assessments).
  • Procedure: Steps followed during data collection.
  • Statistical Analysis: Methods used to analyze data (e.g., z-tests, Pearson-r, ANOVA, chi-square).

Research Design

  • Descriptive Research: Examines the effects of independent variables on dependent variables.
  • Correlational Research: Investigates the relationships between variables.
  • Quasi-Experimental Research: Studies the effects of programs on variables.
  • Experimental Research: Explores the impact of independent variables on dependent variables, often involving experimental manipulation.

Important Ideas in Research Samples

  • Population: The entire group of individuals being studied.
  • Target Population: The specific group the research aims to study within the population.
  • Sample: A subset of the population used in the study.
  • Sample Size: The number of participants in the sample.
  • Respondent: Individual participants in the study who provide responses.

Sampling Techniques

  • Probability Sampling: Selection methods where every member of the population has a chance of being chosen.
    • Simple Random Sampling: All members have equal chance of selection.
    • Stratified Sampling: Ensures representation of different subgroups.
    • Cluster Sampling: Groups (clusters) are randomly selected, and all or a sample from the selected clusters participate.
    • Systematic Sampling: Selecting participants at a fixed interval from a list.
  • Non-Probability Sampling: Methods where not all members of the population have a chance of selection (not covered in this text).

Instrumentation

  • Instruments: Tools to collect information (e.g., questionnaires or interviews).
  • Questionnaire: Pre-determined set of questions for respondent answers.
  • Interview: Structured questioning to gather opinions and perspectives.
  • Assessment: Evaluations to measure competencies in particular fields.

Procedure

  • Data Collection Techniques: e.g., surveys, experiments, observation, interviews, document review.

Data

  • Primary Data: Information collected directly through research methods.
  • Secondary Data: Information gathered from existing sources (e.g., documents).

Statistical Analysis

  • Statistical Treatment: Methods to analyze numerical data to make conclusions.
    • Parametric tests: (e.g., t-tests, ANOVA) used frequently for continuous variables
    • Non-parametric tests: (e.g., chi-square) used for categorical data or when assumptions of parametric tests cannot be met.
  • Different Statistical tests address different research questions or data characteristics.

Research Instruments (Questionnaires)

  • Questionnaire: A tool to elicit responses from participants using preset questions.
  • Research statements: Questions in the questionnaire that guide the respondent.
  • Parts of a Questionnaire: Introduction, instructions, statements or questions

Data Presentation

  • Tables: Organize data in rows and columns for clear representation.
  • Graphs: Visual representations of data (e.g., bar graphs, histograms, frequency polygons).
  • Data Interpretation: Explanation of the results given in tables and graphs.
  • The data can be organized using tables, graphs allowing for easier analysis and explanation
  • Presentation formats (tables and graphs) should have titles, labels, and appropriate scaling.

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Methodology of Quantitative Research PDF

Description

This quiz covers the systematic approach to methodology in research, including key components like research design, sampling techniques, instrumentation, and statistical analysis. Test your knowledge on how data is collected, analyzed, and interpreted in various research contexts.

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