Research Methodology Overview

Research is a systematic process of asking questions and finding answers using a structured approach.

Historical research focuses on past events, examining documents, interviews, and evidence to understand the past.

Qualitative research investigates current events through in-depth observation, interviews, and narratives, seeking to understand experiences and perspectives.

Descriptive research uses numerical data to test hypotheses or answer questions about a group of subjects.

Participant observation, a common method in qualitative research, involves the researcher being directly involved in the group or situation being observed.

Case studies, a type of qualitative research, involve in-depth investigation of a specific person, event, or group, providing rich insights.

The growth of the educational system in the Philippines is a historical research topic as it focuses on past events and changes.

A case study of parental involvement at an elementary school is a qualitative research topic as it seeks to understand the perspectives and experiences of parents.

A type of research focused on practical problems and finding solutions.

Research that examines a specific issue or phenomenon through a combination of action and reflection, often involving deliberate interventions to improve practice.

Research conducted to gather information and knowledge for its own sake, focusing on fundamental principles and expanding scientific understanding.

A type of research designed to evaluate the effectiveness or performance of a program, concept, or campaign in achieving its objectives.

A systematic method of gathering information and drawing conclusions about the relationships between variables, without manipulating them.

Involves manipulating conditions and observing the effects.

Research studies designed to find better ways to prevent, diagnose, or treat diseases through clinical trials.

A type of research that studies the frequency and distribution of diseases in populations and analyzes their underlying causes.

A research method that investigates if changes in one variable (independent) lead to effects in another (dependent). It involves comparing groups.

The variable in a causal-comparative or experimental research study that is presumed to cause a change in another variable.

The variable in a causal-comparative or experimental research study that is measured to see the effect of the independent variable.

The process of randomly assigning participants to different groups in an experiment. Ensures that the groups are as similar as possible before the independent variable is applied.

The number that represents the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables.

The relationship that exists when two variables move in the same direction. As one goes up, the other goes up, or as one goes down, the other goes down.

The statistical procedures used to analyze data collected in a research study.

A statement that proposes a tentative answer to a research question, which is then tested statistically.

The explanation of why a research study is important and its potential benefits.

Outlines the boundaries and limits of a research study, including its scope and what it will not cover.

A concise summary of the research, including the problem, methodology, findings, and conclusions.

A section that outlines the chapters, sections, and supplementary materials included in the research report.

A list of all tables and figures (graphs, charts, pictures) used in the research report, including their titles.

A chapter that introduces the research and its context, including background information, the research problem, and the study's significance.

The origin and context of the research problem, providing justification for its selection.

A visual representation of the key variables and their relationships, serving as a theoretical framework for the research.

A clear and precise statement outlining the specific problem and sub-problems addressed in the study.

Explanations and definitions of key terms used throughout the research report, ensuring clarity and consistency.

Defining the scope means specifying the specific population, concepts, content, and time frame that the research will focus on. It clarifies who and what is included in the study, setting boundaries for the investigation.

Delimitation identifies the limitations of the research, specifying what is excluded and why. It clarifies the boundaries of the study, acknowledging the constraints and simplifying the research process.

Definition of terms is a glossary of key terms used in the research, providing clear and specific explanations for any unfamiliar or potentially ambiguous terms.

The review of related literature and studies gathers and synthesizes existing research, showcasing the connection between previous findings and the current study. This section includes local and foreign sources, highlighting their relevance to the research topic.

Foreign literature and studies refer to published works (books, articles, etc.) relevant to the research topic that originated from a different country than the one where the study is being conducted.

Local literature and studies involve research materials that are relevant to the research topic and come from the same country as the study.

Bibliography lists all the sources used in the research study. It includes books, articles, websites, and other materials that were consulted.

Plagiarism is the act of using someone else's work without giving them proper credit. It involves copying someone else's ideas, words, or work without acknowledging the source.