Podcast
Questions and Answers
Population is the totality of all the objects, elements, persons, and characteristics under ______.
Population is the totality of all the objects, elements, persons, and characteristics under ______.
consideration
Sampling is a systematic process of selecting the group to be analyzed in the ______ study.
Sampling is a systematic process of selecting the group to be analyzed in the ______ study.
research
A sample size reflecting 95% distribution of the population is highly ______.
A sample size reflecting 95% distribution of the population is highly ______.
probable
The target population includes those that are ______ to the researcher's focus.
The target population includes those that are ______ to the researcher's focus.
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Probability sampling uses a random ______ to select participants.
Probability sampling uses a random ______ to select participants.
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Descriptive research may require a sample size of ______% to 20%.
Descriptive research may require a sample size of ______% to 20%.
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Slovin’s Formula is a common formula for the computation of an acceptable ______ size.
Slovin’s Formula is a common formula for the computation of an acceptable ______ size.
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A literature review involves reading similar or ______ literature and studies.
A literature review involves reading similar or ______ literature and studies.
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Non-probability sampling involves a purposive or controlled ______.
Non-probability sampling involves a purposive or controlled ______.
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Statistical power refers to the probability of rejecting the null ______.
Statistical power refers to the probability of rejecting the null ______.
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Stratified sampling groups respondents according to a particular ______.
Stratified sampling groups respondents according to a particular ______.
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In probability sampling, selection of respondents is based on pure ______.
In probability sampling, selection of respondents is based on pure ______.
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Cluster sampling groups respondents according to geographic ______.
Cluster sampling groups respondents according to geographic ______.
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The accuracy of a sample depends on the precision of your ______.
The accuracy of a sample depends on the precision of your ______.
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Effect size measures the level of difference between the experimental group and the control ______.
Effect size measures the level of difference between the experimental group and the control ______.
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With simple random sampling, the chosen element is placed back into the ______.
With simple random sampling, the chosen element is placed back into the ______.
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Non-probability sampling methods are susceptible to ______.
Non-probability sampling methods are susceptible to ______.
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In stage sampling, samples are taken from ______ until the desired size is achieved.
In stage sampling, samples are taken from ______ until the desired size is achieved.
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Study Notes
Population
- Entire group of objects, elements, people, or characteristics being studied
- All members share common characteristics relevant to the research
- Researchers aim to understand these shared characteristics
Sample Selection
- Approaches: Choosing a smaller group (sample) from the larger population (all members)
- Time & Cost: Dealing with the whole population is time-consuming and expensive
- Descriptive & Comparative Research: Need to consider sample size and participant numbers
Types of Populations
- Target Population: The entire group the researcher wants to study
- Accessible Population: The portion of the target population the researcher can access and study
Sampling
- Systematic Process: Methodically selecting the group to be studied
- Reflects the characteristics of the bigger population in a manageable way
Sample Size
- 95% Distribution: Ideally, the sample size should accurately represent 95% of the population.
- High Probability: Ensuring a sample accurately represents the broader population.
Sampling Techniques
-
Probability Sampling: Choosing participants at random
- Random Selection: Participants have an equal chance of being in the sample
- Purposive or Controlled Selection: Participants are carefully chosen to represent specific characteristics
-
Non-Probability Sampling: Participants are selected based on specific characteristics or traits
- Examples: Quota sampling, Voluntary sampling, Purposive sampling, Snowball sampling
Literature Review
- Purpose: Reviewing relevant previous research to inform current research
- Significance: Understands how the current research relates to previous studies in the field
Formulas
- Sample Size Calculation: Established methods (like Slovin's formula) for determining a suitable sample size.
- Power Analysis: Using established principals to make sure that the study will return results, and a particular method used to test the reliability of the study's results.
Statistical Techniques
- Statistical Power: Measuring the study's ability to detect an effect (i.e., relationship)
- Effect Size: Assessing the strength or magnitude of an observed relationship
- Hypothesis Testing: Testing if there's a meaningful relationship between an independent and a dependent variable in the given context
Stratified Sampling
- Group participants based on shared traits to ensure a proportionate representation of those traits in the sample
- Groups would need to have similar/similarly described characteristics
Cluster Sampling
- Divide respondents into groups (clusters) using characteristics
- Can select entire clusters or random subsets from clusters
- Used when studying large areas or specific groups
Simple Random Sampling
- Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample
- A common and useful technique for selecting a sample at random from a population
Stage Sampling
- Involves selecting participants in stages
- Each stage may require a certain sample to be selected from the previous chosen group
- Useful when accessing very large populations or samples that may require different levels of data collection across groups
Non-Probability Sampling
- Characteristics: Deliberately choosing participants based on their characteristics or traits
- Some methods: Purposive sampling, Quota sampling, Voluntary sampling, Snowball sampling.
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Description
Explore the concepts of population and sample selection in research methodology. This quiz covers target and accessible populations, as well as the systematic processes for sampling. Test your understanding of how sample size impacts research outcomes and the importance of representing the broader population effectively.
