Podcast
Questions and Answers
Population is the totality of all the objects, elements, persons, and characteristics under ______.
Population is the totality of all the objects, elements, persons, and characteristics under ______.
consideration
Sampling is a systematic process of selecting the group to be analyzed in the ______ study.
Sampling is a systematic process of selecting the group to be analyzed in the ______ study.
research
A sample size reflecting 95% distribution of the population is highly ______.
A sample size reflecting 95% distribution of the population is highly ______.
probable
The target population includes those that are ______ to the researcher's focus.
The target population includes those that are ______ to the researcher's focus.
Probability sampling uses a random ______ to select participants.
Probability sampling uses a random ______ to select participants.
Descriptive research may require a sample size of ______% to 20%.
Descriptive research may require a sample size of ______% to 20%.
Slovin’s Formula is a common formula for the computation of an acceptable ______ size.
Slovin’s Formula is a common formula for the computation of an acceptable ______ size.
A literature review involves reading similar or ______ literature and studies.
A literature review involves reading similar or ______ literature and studies.
Non-probability sampling involves a purposive or controlled ______.
Non-probability sampling involves a purposive or controlled ______.
Statistical power refers to the probability of rejecting the null ______.
Statistical power refers to the probability of rejecting the null ______.
Stratified sampling groups respondents according to a particular ______.
Stratified sampling groups respondents according to a particular ______.
In probability sampling, selection of respondents is based on pure ______.
In probability sampling, selection of respondents is based on pure ______.
Cluster sampling groups respondents according to geographic ______.
Cluster sampling groups respondents according to geographic ______.
The accuracy of a sample depends on the precision of your ______.
The accuracy of a sample depends on the precision of your ______.
Effect size measures the level of difference between the experimental group and the control ______.
Effect size measures the level of difference between the experimental group and the control ______.
With simple random sampling, the chosen element is placed back into the ______.
With simple random sampling, the chosen element is placed back into the ______.
Non-probability sampling methods are susceptible to ______.
Non-probability sampling methods are susceptible to ______.
In stage sampling, samples are taken from ______ until the desired size is achieved.
In stage sampling, samples are taken from ______ until the desired size is achieved.
Flashcards
Population
Population
The complete group of objects, people, or characteristics being studied.
Sample
Sample
A smaller group selected from the larger population for research.
Sampling
Sampling
The process of selecting a sample from a larger population.
Probability Sampling
Probability Sampling
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Sample Size
Sample Size
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Target Population
Target Population
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Accessible Population
Accessible Population
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Descriptive Research
Descriptive Research
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Non-probability Sampling
Non-probability Sampling
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Simple Random Sampling
Simple Random Sampling
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Stratified Sampling
Stratified Sampling
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Cluster Sampling
Cluster Sampling
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Effect Size
Effect Size
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Power of Analysis
Power of Analysis
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Heterogeneity of Population
Heterogeneity of Population
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Quota Sampling
Quota Sampling
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Purposive Sampling
Purposive Sampling
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Study Notes
Population
- Entire group of objects, elements, people, or characteristics being studied
- All members share common characteristics relevant to the research
- Researchers aim to understand these shared characteristics
Sample Selection
- Approaches: Choosing a smaller group (sample) from the larger population (all members)
- Time & Cost: Dealing with the whole population is time-consuming and expensive
- Descriptive & Comparative Research: Need to consider sample size and participant numbers
Types of Populations
- Target Population: The entire group the researcher wants to study
- Accessible Population: The portion of the target population the researcher can access and study
Sampling
- Systematic Process: Methodically selecting the group to be studied
- Reflects the characteristics of the bigger population in a manageable way
Sample Size
- 95% Distribution: Ideally, the sample size should accurately represent 95% of the population.
- High Probability: Ensuring a sample accurately represents the broader population.
Sampling Techniques
- Probability Sampling: Choosing participants at random
- Random Selection: Participants have an equal chance of being in the sample
- Purposive or Controlled Selection: Participants are carefully chosen to represent specific characteristics
- Non-Probability Sampling: Participants are selected based on specific characteristics or traits
- Examples: Quota sampling, Voluntary sampling, Purposive sampling, Snowball sampling
Literature Review
- Purpose: Reviewing relevant previous research to inform current research
- Significance: Understands how the current research relates to previous studies in the field
Formulas
- Sample Size Calculation: Established methods (like Slovin's formula) for determining a suitable sample size.
- Power Analysis: Using established principals to make sure that the study will return results, and a particular method used to test the reliability of the study's results.
Statistical Techniques
- Statistical Power: Measuring the study's ability to detect an effect (i.e., relationship)
- Effect Size: Assessing the strength or magnitude of an observed relationship
- Hypothesis Testing: Testing if there's a meaningful relationship between an independent and a dependent variable in the given context
Stratified Sampling
- Group participants based on shared traits to ensure a proportionate representation of those traits in the sample
- Groups would need to have similar/similarly described characteristics
Cluster Sampling
- Divide respondents into groups (clusters) using characteristics
- Can select entire clusters or random subsets from clusters
- Used when studying large areas or specific groups
Simple Random Sampling
- Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample
- A common and useful technique for selecting a sample at random from a population
Stage Sampling
- Involves selecting participants in stages
- Each stage may require a certain sample to be selected from the previous chosen group
- Useful when accessing very large populations or samples that may require different levels of data collection across groups
Non-Probability Sampling
- Characteristics: Deliberately choosing participants based on their characteristics or traits
- Some methods: Purposive sampling, Quota sampling, Voluntary sampling, Snowball sampling.
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