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What does the acronym PFE stand for in the context of the provided document?
What does the acronym PFE stand for in the context of the provided document?
Projet de Fin d'Etudes
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of studying research methodology listed in the document?
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of studying research methodology listed in the document?
- Promoting the ability to critically evaluate research sources.
- Improving the ability to communicate research findings effectively.
- Enhancing the ability to apply advanced mathematical techniques to solve complex problems. (correct)
- Developing critical thinking skills.
The document emphasizes the importance of verifying research sources. Which of the following is NOT a reason given for why source verification is crucial?
The document emphasizes the importance of verifying research sources. Which of the following is NOT a reason given for why source verification is crucial?
- To ensure research findings are reliable and accurate.
- To avoid plagiarism and maintain academic integrity.
- To provide support for research arguments and conclusions.
- To facilitate collaboration among researchers from different fields. (correct)
What does the document mention as the primary purpose of research?
What does the document mention as the primary purpose of research?
The document suggests that research can be defined as a systematic investigation aiming to address questions or solve problems.
The document suggests that research can be defined as a systematic investigation aiming to address questions or solve problems.
The document defines scientific research as a process that aims to gather information using non-validated methods and tools.
The document defines scientific research as a process that aims to gather information using non-validated methods and tools.
The document presents research as a comprehensive process that examines various aspects of the world around us, encompassing both quantitative and qualitative methods.
The document presents research as a comprehensive process that examines various aspects of the world around us, encompassing both quantitative and qualitative methods.
According to the document, the primary purpose of research in the field of nursing is to enhance patient care.
According to the document, the primary purpose of research in the field of nursing is to enhance patient care.
The document mentions that research is often conducted in isolation and independently of existing research findings.
The document mentions that research is often conducted in isolation and independently of existing research findings.
What are the three key aspects of research as described in the document?
What are the three key aspects of research as described in the document?
What is the most significant difference between a method and a methodology in research?
What is the most significant difference between a method and a methodology in research?
The document suggests that research methodologies are grounded in objective scientific principles and do not involve any subjective interpretations.
The document suggests that research methodologies are grounded in objective scientific principles and do not involve any subjective interpretations.
Which of the following is NOT a crucial aspect of research methodology described in the document?
Which of the following is NOT a crucial aspect of research methodology described in the document?
Which of the following is an example of a research method?
Which of the following is an example of a research method?
According to the document, what is the purpose of a researcher?
According to the document, what is the purpose of a researcher?
The document emphasizes that being a researcher involves a commitment to upholding ethical principles and standards.
The document emphasizes that being a researcher involves a commitment to upholding ethical principles and standards.
What is the primary focus of public health research, as described in the document?
What is the primary focus of public health research, as described in the document?
What does the document state as the goal of nursing research?
What does the document state as the goal of nursing research?
The document suggests that nursing research solely focuses on clinical care and does not encompass prevention or health promotion.
The document suggests that nursing research solely focuses on clinical care and does not encompass prevention or health promotion.
What does the document mention as the fundamental building blocks of research?
What does the document mention as the fundamental building blocks of research?
The document states that concepts are purely abstract and have no direct connection to the real world.
The document states that concepts are purely abstract and have no direct connection to the real world.
According to the document, how do concepts contribute to research?
According to the document, how do concepts contribute to research?
What is the difference between a concept and a construct, as defined in the document?
What is the difference between a concept and a construct, as defined in the document?
A construct can be defined as a single concept that encapsulates a broader theoretical understanding.
A construct can be defined as a single concept that encapsulates a broader theoretical understanding.
A variable is a measurable characteristic or attribute that can change over time.
A variable is a measurable characteristic or attribute that can change over time.
Which type of variable does a researcher manipulate to observe its effect on another variable?
Which type of variable does a researcher manipulate to observe its effect on another variable?
Which type of variable is measured in the context of a research study?
Which type of variable is measured in the context of a research study?
Attribute variables are characteristics that are not directly controlled in a research study, but are used to describe the study’s population.
Attribute variables are characteristics that are not directly controlled in a research study, but are used to describe the study’s population.
Exogenous variables are external factors that are not directly controlled by a researcher, but can unintentionally influence the research outcomes.
Exogenous variables are external factors that are not directly controlled by a researcher, but can unintentionally influence the research outcomes.
Which of the following is NOT a type of variable that can be classified as quantitative?
Which of the following is NOT a type of variable that can be classified as quantitative?
Which type of variable is considered to be most powerful for analyzing data? Select the answer that is most accurate.
Which type of variable is considered to be most powerful for analyzing data? Select the answer that is most accurate.
The document defines bias as any factor that can lead to systematic errors or distortions in the research results.
The document defines bias as any factor that can lead to systematic errors or distortions in the research results.
What does the document emphasize as the primary goal of a conceptual definition?
What does the document emphasize as the primary goal of a conceptual definition?
An operational definition defines the concept in relation to how it will be measured in a research study.
An operational definition defines the concept in relation to how it will be measured in a research study.
What is the primary purpose of operationalization in research?
What is the primary purpose of operationalization in research?
The document suggests that problématisation involves identifying the specific research question that will be investigated in a research study.
The document suggests that problématisation involves identifying the specific research question that will be investigated in a research study.
The document suggests that problématisation is a purely theoretical process that does not require practical application.
The document suggests that problématisation is a purely theoretical process that does not require practical application.
The document suggests that a researcher should choose the most easily measurable variable, even if it does not accurately represent the concept being investigated.
The document suggests that a researcher should choose the most easily measurable variable, even if it does not accurately represent the concept being investigated.
Flashcards
Dental Hygiene
Dental Hygiene
A collection of techniques used to maintain and improve the overall health of the teeth, gums, and oral cavity.
Scaling
Scaling
The removal of plaque and tartar from the teeth, typically performed by a dental professional.
Plaque
Plaque
A sticky film that forms on the teeth and can lead to cavities and gum disease.
Tartar
Tartar
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Brushing
Brushing
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Flossing
Flossing
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Dental Cleaning
Dental Cleaning
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Fluoride Treatment
Fluoride Treatment
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Tooth Decay
Tooth Decay
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Gum Disease
Gum Disease
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Study Notes
Research Methodology Course Objectives
- Students will learn the research process, methods, and techniques.
- Students will learn the basic techniques associated with each method.
- Students will understand the steps of the scientific method.
- Students will develop a research problem statement.
- Students will learn to select and properly cite scientific sources.
- Students will choose a research technique.
- Students will learn how to find and use research tools.
- Students will learn how to collect, compile, write, and analyze data.
- Students will learn to critique scientific articles.
Why Study Research Methodology?
- Improves the ability to find reliable information.
- Enhances presentation and communication skills.
- Facilitates critical thinking and questioning of own practices.
- Enables evaluation of new or existing practices.
Benefits of Studying Research Methodology
- Developing critical thinking skills
- Improving the ability to analyze information sources
- Enhancing scientific communication and presentation skills
- Leading to a more knowledgeable and critical evaluation of practices.
Definition of Research
- Research is a process to discover and understand phenomena.
- It involves a set of activities aiming at advancing knowledge.
Definition of Scientific Research
- A systematic investigation applying organized and methodical approaches for finding solutions to problems.
Research as a Process
- A structured procedure with specific steps.
Distinctions: Method vs Methodology
- A method involves the steps for collecting data.
- Methodology is the theory behind the research methods.
Research Methods and Tools
- Methods like interviews and questionnaires.
- Methods like observations, etc, and more.
- Research methods are tools necessary to acquire data.
Key Characteristics of Good Research
- Systematically planned and organized.
- Aims to answer specific questions.
- Is carried out in a structured and disciplined manner.
- Aims to enhance understanding of a topic.
Definition of Phenomenon
- An observable event, object, or situation that requires explanation.
Definition of Concept
- An abstract idea derived from observation of facts or phenomena.
- Used to categorize observable phenomena and establish connections.
Scientific Concepts
- Building blocks of scientific knowledge.
- Provide structure and meaning to the observations made and relationships identified.
Defining Constructs
- More complex constructs; combining concepts.
- Designed to explain relationships between concepts.
Variables and Measurement
- A variable is a measurable aspect of the concept/construct.
- The operational variable is the specific way of measuring that variable.
Types of Variables
- Independent: manipulated variable that affects outcome.
- Dependent: Outcome or effect that is measured.
- Attribute: Characteristics of subjects (e.g., age, gender).
- Extraneous: Unplanned variable influencing results.
Types of Statistical Variables
- Qualitative: Based on qualities (e.g., gender, nationality).
- Quantitative: Based on numerical values (e.g., weight, height).
Qualitative Variables - Categorical Values
- Nominal (e.g., names): Unordered categories.
- Ordinal (e.g., rankings): Ordered categories.
- Binary (e.g., true/false): Two possibilities.
Quantitative Variables - Numerical Values
- Discrete (e.g., counts): Whole numbers only.
- Continuous (e.g., measurements): Any value within a range.
Sources of Bias
- Factors influencing research results in an unwanted or unfair manner.
Conceptual Definition
- A detailed description of a concept based on existing theories.
Operational Definition
- Explains how a concept or variable will be measured in a specific context.
Operationalization of Variables
Variables, dimensions, and indicators are used for operationalization.
Research Problem Formulation
- Clearly defining the focus of the research study.
- Clearly articulating the aspects that need to be studied.
- The problem formulation process sets the stage and context for the study.
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