Research Methodology Basics

Introduction

• Research methodology provides a framework for academic inquiry.
• The research topic should be situated within a wider global, national, and local context to understand its significance.

Conceptual Framework

• Research frameworks guide the research questions and structure the research plan.
• Theoretical frameworks use established theories to support the study.
• Conceptual frameworks apply specific ideas, beliefs, and theories to the study.
• Visual representations, like concept maps, can help illustrate relationships between information.

Theoretical Foundation

• Time-tested theories underpinning the study provide a foundation for research findings.
• Hypothesis - an assumption about the relationship between variables.
• Different types of hypotheses include: Simple, Complex, Empirical, Logical, Statistical, Null, and Alternative.

Input-Process-Output Model (IPO)

• A conceptual paradigm that models inputs, processes, and outputs of a research study.
• Conceptual Definition - meaning of a term based on dictionary or encyclopedia definitions.
• Operational Definition - meaning of a term based on how it is used in the specific study.

Statement of the Problem

• Problem identification involves recognizing a gap in knowledge or a specific issue.
• The problem should be well-defined, measurable, and clearly stated.
• Research questions translate the problem into specific inquiries.

Hypothesis

• Null Hypothesis (Ho) - assumes no significant relationship between variables.
• Alternative Hypothesis (Ha) - proposes a relationship or difference between variables.
• A testable prediction provides a statement that can be verified through research.

Significance of the Study

• Theoretical Contribution - advancing understanding within a specific field.
• Practical Implications - potential for real-world application of findings .
• Societal Impact - benefits society by addressing relevant issues.

Scope and Delimitation

• Scope - defines the boundaries of the research area.
• Delimitation - outlines specific limitations of the study.
• These elements ensure a manageable and focused research project.

Definition of Terms

• Variable - a factor that can change or vary.
• Methodology - a systematic approach to conducting research.
• Data Analysis - interpreting and drawing conclusions from collected data.

Research Design

• Quantitative Research - focuses on numerical data and statistical analysis.
• Qualitative Research - explores subjective experiences and in-depth understanding.
• Mixed Methods - combines quantitative and qualitative approaches.