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Questions and Answers
What does descriptive research primarily provide?
What does descriptive research primarily provide?
Which type of research aims to establish causal relationships?
Which type of research aims to establish causal relationships?
In correlational research, what is primarily assessed?
In correlational research, what is primarily assessed?
Historical research can best be defined as research that:
Historical research can best be defined as research that:
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Which of the following best illustrates the purpose of true experimental research?
Which of the following best illustrates the purpose of true experimental research?
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What is a key characteristic of quasi-experimental research?
What is a key characteristic of quasi-experimental research?
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Which of the following is true about correlations in research?
Which of the following is true about correlations in research?
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What type of data sources does historical research involve?
What type of data sources does historical research involve?
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What is a case study primarily focused on?
What is a case study primarily focused on?
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What research method typically employs structured questionnaires?
What research method typically employs structured questionnaires?
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What is one of the basic principles of ethical research regarding participants?
What is one of the basic principles of ethical research regarding participants?
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In which field does literature analysis play a significant role?
In which field does literature analysis play a significant role?
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What does informed consent in research entail?
What does informed consent in research entail?
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What characterizes qualitative research methods?
What characterizes qualitative research methods?
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What is the primary purpose of meta-analysis?
What is the primary purpose of meta-analysis?
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What is considered plagiarism in academic work?
What is considered plagiarism in academic work?
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Which of the following actions can lead to being accused of plagiarism?
Which of the following actions can lead to being accused of plagiarism?
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Which of the following statements about ERP systems is true?
Which of the following statements about ERP systems is true?
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When conducting research involving children, what is a necessary ethical consideration?
When conducting research involving children, what is a necessary ethical consideration?
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What distinguishes qualitative data analysis from quantitative analysis?
What distinguishes qualitative data analysis from quantitative analysis?
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What should researchers do if a treatment might be harmful?
What should researchers do if a treatment might be harmful?
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What is a common output of surveys conducted in research?
What is a common output of surveys conducted in research?
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What was a significant finding regarding cheating in high schools?
What was a significant finding regarding cheating in high schools?
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What should researchers ensure about the data collected from participants?
What should researchers ensure about the data collected from participants?
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What is the primary purpose of an informed consent letter in research?
What is the primary purpose of an informed consent letter in research?
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What should be included in the informed consent letter regarding potential risks?
What should be included in the informed consent letter regarding potential risks?
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Why is it important to have an Institutional Review Board (IRB) in research?
Why is it important to have an Institutional Review Board (IRB) in research?
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What aspect of behavior does the research aim to increase understanding of?
What aspect of behavior does the research aim to increase understanding of?
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What is a potential concern even in computer science research that involves behavioral aspects?
What is a potential concern even in computer science research that involves behavioral aspects?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of an informed consent letter?
Which of the following is NOT a component of an informed consent letter?
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What should researchers provide participants to ensure confidentiality?
What should researchers provide participants to ensure confidentiality?
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What may need to happen if research involves children?
What may need to happen if research involves children?
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When should quotations be used in research?
When should quotations be used in research?
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What does paraphrasing entail?
What does paraphrasing entail?
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What is a primary reason for summarizing content?
What is a primary reason for summarizing content?
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Which statement about citations is true?
Which statement about citations is true?
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What should be avoided when integrating quotations into your writing?
What should be avoided when integrating quotations into your writing?
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What is a suitable situation to use summarizing?
What is a suitable situation to use summarizing?
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Why is it important to incorporate a blend of different source materials?
Why is it important to incorporate a blend of different source materials?
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What is a distinguishing feature of a summary compared to paraphrasing?
What is a distinguishing feature of a summary compared to paraphrasing?
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What is the primary focus of quantitative research methods?
What is the primary focus of quantitative research methods?
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Which of the following is an example of qualitative research methods?
Which of the following is an example of qualitative research methods?
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What type of information is primarily collected during qualitative research?
What type of information is primarily collected during qualitative research?
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What is one significant socio-economic benefit of mobile phones in Pakistan mentioned in the context?
What is one significant socio-economic benefit of mobile phones in Pakistan mentioned in the context?
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What is a characteristic that distinguishes qualitative research methods?
What is a characteristic that distinguishes qualitative research methods?
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How has the deregulation of the market impacted the ICT sector in Pakistan?
How has the deregulation of the market impacted the ICT sector in Pakistan?
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Which method is NOT typically used in qualitative research?
Which method is NOT typically used in qualitative research?
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What is the primary mode of data collection in qualitative research?
What is the primary mode of data collection in qualitative research?
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Study Notes
Lecture 01: What is Research?
- Research is studious inquiry, investigation, or examination aimed at discovering and interpreting facts, revising theories, or applying laws.
- Research is a process of discovering new knowledge.
- Research increases the reliability of findings, tests theories, determines relationships, and extends the scope of studies.
- Research is crucial for publication.
- Peer review is a process where others in the field assess the significance and validity of a research project.
- Conference papers are easier to publish than journal papers.
Lecture 02: Applied vs. Basic Research
- Applied research has immediate applications (e.g., new technologies, better systems).
- Basic research involves theoretical development (e.g., algorithms, formulas).
- Descriptive research describes characteristics of existing phenomena (e.g., survey of programmers).
- Historical research describes past events (e.g., influence of a board on exports).
- Correlational research explores relationships between variables (e.g., experience and productivity).
- Experimental research establishes cause-and-effect relationships (true experimental and quasi-experimental).
- True experimental: Researchers control treatment variable and potential causes.
- Quasi-experimental: Researchers cannot fully control assignment to groups.
Lecture 03: Choosing a Publication Outlet
- Journals are the most prestigious publication outlets due to peer review.
- Journals typically have a significant lead time (time before publication).
- Journals have low acceptance rates.
- Book chapters and books are less prestigious but have a different review process.
- Conferences offer rapid publication but with less prestige.
- Journal rankings, like the ISI impact factor, are a measure of prestige.
Lecture 04: Research Ethics
- Ethics are moral principles.
- Unethical research behaviours include fraud, misrepresentation, and laziness (e.g., the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, radiation experiments).
- Researchers should prioritize participant safety and confidentiality.
Lecture 05: Variables in Research
- Variables are outcomes that can take on different values (e.g., male/female, high school).
- Dependent variables are the outcomes or effects of a treatment.
- Independent variables are the treatments or conditions controlled by researchers.
- Control variables are factors that influence dependent variables.
- Extraneous variables are unpredictable variables influencing dependent variables.
- Moderator variables are related to both dependent and independent variables and have an impact.
- Hypothesis formation is based on observations; a hypothesis is a tentative answer to a research question.
- There are different types of hypotheses, including Research and Null, which are statements of inequality or equality (respectively).
Lecture 06: Research Methodologies (in Information Systems)
- Speculation and Commentary: Research driven by opinions and lack of empirical evidence.
- Framework and Conceptual Models: Developing models to explain relationships of variables.
- Library Research: Reviewing existing literature to expand knowledge.
- Literature Analysis: Summarizing and extending existing research.
- Meta-analysis: Analyzing multiple studies on a single topic.
- Case Studies: Deep analysis of a specific phenomenon (individuals, organizations).
- Surveys: Gathering data from a large number of respondents.
- Field Studies: Research conducted within natural settings (e.g., workplace).
- Field Experiments: Research manipulating variables in natural settings.
- Lab Experiments: Research conducted in controlled settings.
- Design Science Research: Developing or evaluating technological artifacts.
- Qualitative Research: Understanding people and culture.
- Secondary Data Research: Utilizing existing data sources.
Lecture 07: Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research
- Quantitative research focuses on objective data.
- Qualitative research focuses on subjective information.
- Research methods include surveys, experiments, simulations, and others.
Lecture 08: Summary of Research Methods
- Review of key concepts and methods discussed throughout the course.
- Review of different research types.
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Description
Test your understanding of various research methodologies in this quiz. From descriptive to experimental research, assess your knowledge about the characteristics and purposes of each type. This quiz is suitable for students learning about research methods in psychology or social sciences.