Podcast
Questions and Answers
New ideas in research can sometimes stem from an observation or incident or while doing an ______.
New ideas in research can sometimes stem from an observation or incident or while doing an ______.
experiment
The sudden stimulation to problem-solving by a new perspective is often referred to as ______.
The sudden stimulation to problem-solving by a new perspective is often referred to as ______.
intuition
Accurately defining the ______ is crucial for the success of intuition in research.
Accurately defining the ______ is crucial for the success of intuition in research.
problem
Accumulating all the needed ______ is a key step in fostering intuition.
Accumulating all the needed ______ is a key step in fostering intuition.
Signup and view all the answers
Discussing a problem with others helps to combine knowledge and gain different ______.
Discussing a problem with others helps to combine knowledge and gain different ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Interruption-free environments are essential to maintain total immersion in the ______.
Interruption-free environments are essential to maintain total immersion in the ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Taking a temporary break from the problem allows the established notion to weaken, probably permitting a new way of thinking about the ______.
Taking a temporary break from the problem allows the established notion to weaken, probably permitting a new way of thinking about the ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Conditioned researchers may fail to notice new ______ that contradict their established thinking.
Conditioned researchers may fail to notice new ______ that contradict their established thinking.
Signup and view all the answers
Discussing the issue with colleagues can provide a new ______.
Discussing the issue with colleagues can provide a new ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Reading relevant research articles helps you to break free from ______ thinking.
Reading relevant research articles helps you to break free from ______ thinking.
Signup and view all the answers
Distractions can be detrimental to gaining insight and should be ______ during research.
Distractions can be detrimental to gaining insight and should be ______ during research.
Signup and view all the answers
In experimental research, the goal is to establish a cause and effect relationship by isolating and eliminating all factors except for the one under ______.
In experimental research, the goal is to establish a cause and effect relationship by isolating and eliminating all factors except for the one under ______.
Signup and view all the answers
A ______ can be defined as a character, condition, or concept that can take different values and is measurable.
A ______ can be defined as a character, condition, or concept that can take different values and is measurable.
Signup and view all the answers
The independent variable is manipulated by the investigator, while the ______ variable is measured for reaction.
The independent variable is manipulated by the investigator, while the ______ variable is measured for reaction.
Signup and view all the answers
Qualitative variables include nominal and ______ variables.
Qualitative variables include nominal and ______ variables.
Signup and view all the answers
Discrete and ______ variables fall under the category of quantitative variables.
Discrete and ______ variables fall under the category of quantitative variables.
Signup and view all the answers
Extraneous variables are those uncontrollable variables that may have a significant influence upon the results of a ______.
Extraneous variables are those uncontrollable variables that may have a significant influence upon the results of a ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Active or treatment variables are independent variables that can be ______, changed, or controlled.
Active or treatment variables are independent variables that can be ______, changed, or controlled.
Signup and view all the answers
Qualitative characters such as religion, color, and gender are known as ______ variables.
Qualitative characters such as religion, color, and gender are known as ______ variables.
Signup and view all the answers
Quantitative variables are classified as continuous and ______ variables.
Quantitative variables are classified as continuous and ______ variables.
Signup and view all the answers
Continuous variables have ______ in their measurement, and therefore, take any value.
Continuous variables have ______ in their measurement, and therefore, take any value.
Signup and view all the answers
The ______ of a family can take only integer values such as 3, 4, 5, and 6.
The ______ of a family can take only integer values such as 3, 4, 5, and 6.
Signup and view all the answers
Independent variables may differ depending upon their nature of ______.
Independent variables may differ depending upon their nature of ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Researchers may not be able to control and manipulate ______ variables, which reflect the characteristics of the study population.
Researchers may not be able to control and manipulate ______ variables, which reflect the characteristics of the study population.
Signup and view all the answers
Analytical research attempts to establish why the state of affairs is that way or how it came to be like that, focusing on ______ relationships.
Analytical research attempts to establish why the state of affairs is that way or how it came to be like that, focusing on ______ relationships.
Signup and view all the answers
Quantitative research is based on the collection of ______ data and analysis.
Quantitative research is based on the collection of ______ data and analysis.
Signup and view all the answers
Qualitative research involves the collection of data in ______ form to understand particular phenomena.
Qualitative research involves the collection of data in ______ form to understand particular phenomena.
Signup and view all the answers
Experimental research allows the investigator to observe, control, or manipulate the ______ variable.
Experimental research allows the investigator to observe, control, or manipulate the ______ variable.
Signup and view all the answers
Non-experimental research is used when independent variables ______ be manipulated.
Non-experimental research is used when independent variables ______ be manipulated.
Signup and view all the answers
A cross-sectional study collects data on recognized variables at ______ point in time.
A cross-sectional study collects data on recognized variables at ______ point in time.
Signup and view all the answers
In a longitudinal study, data are collected at different points over ______.
In a longitudinal study, data are collected at different points over ______.
Signup and view all the answers
A retrospective study gathers data at a particular time in the present and traces the differences into the ______.
A retrospective study gathers data at a particular time in the present and traces the differences into the ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Nominal variables can have one, two, or more ______ depending upon the extent of variation.
Nominal variables can have one, two, or more ______ depending upon the extent of variation.
Signup and view all the answers
Ordinal variables can be arranged in either ascending or descending order according to the ______ of variations.
Ordinal variables can be arranged in either ascending or descending order according to the ______ of variations.
Signup and view all the answers
Basic research has no immediate ______ and is primarily aimed at enhancing knowledge.
Basic research has no immediate ______ and is primarily aimed at enhancing knowledge.
Signup and view all the answers
Applied research is conducted for practical ______ and has immediate use.
Applied research is conducted for practical ______ and has immediate use.
Signup and view all the answers
Descriptive research attempts to describe or identify the state of ______, as it exists at present.
Descriptive research attempts to describe or identify the state of ______, as it exists at present.
Signup and view all the answers
Evaluation research involves the systematic process of gathering data on the ______ of interest.
Evaluation research involves the systematic process of gathering data on the ______ of interest.
Signup and view all the answers
Qualitative research is based on the nature of data ______.
Qualitative research is based on the nature of data ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Cross-sectional studies collect data at one point in ______, while longitudinal studies gather data over a period.
Cross-sectional studies collect data at one point in ______, while longitudinal studies gather data over a period.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Lecture Elements
- Research involves intuition, variables, and formal approaches.
1) Intuition in Research
- New research ideas can originate unexpectedly from observations or experiments.
- "Intuition" refers to the sudden stimulation to problem-solving through novel perspectives.
- Intuition often arises as a solution to an intensely interesting problem, similar to a premonition or sixth sense.
- A key characteristic of intuition is the excitement or exhilaration it evokes.
1-1) Favorable Conditions for Intuition
- Define the problems correctly: Clearly defining the problem increases the chances of success through intuition. Explaining the problem to others can help researchers refine their understanding.
- Accumulate all needed facts: Gathering and critically evaluating all relevant information is essential. This often involves conducting a literature review.
- Desire a solution: A strong interest in finding a solution promotes focus and imagination, allowing researchers to persevere through challenges.
- Discuss with others: Collaborating with individuals with differing perspectives helps researchers benefit from diverse viewpoints and combine knowledge for new insights.
- Temporary abandonment of the problem: Stepping away from the problem allows new perspectives to emerge when returning to the task. This concept applies particularly to anomalous data discovered during experiments or observations.
1-2) Barriers to Intuition
- Distractions: Both pleasant and unpleasant distractions hinder the development of insightful solutions. A focused environment is crucial for research.
- Interruptions: Concentration on the problem is essential. Minimizing interruptions in the workplace and lab fosters a more productive research setting.
- Conditioned thinking: Preconceived notions or existing thought patterns can prevent researchers from considering alternative viewpoints.
1-3) Methods to Break Free from Conditioned Thinking
- Take a temporary break: Stepping away from the problem and returning to it allows for a fresh perspective.
- Consult others: Discussing the issue with colleagues or peers allows researchers to benefit from alternative viewpoints.
- Read relevant research articles: Seeking information from diverse sources aids in breaking out of one's existing knowledge base and assumptions.
2) Variables in Research
- Research methods differ based on the involved participants and aims.
- In experimental research, isolating and eliminating factors responsible for an outcome, and testing a single factor of interest defines a variable.
- A variable, in research, is essentially a character, condition or concept that can assume various values, making it measurable.
2-1) Independent and Dependent Variables
- The independent variable is manipulated by the researcher to observe its effect on something else.
- The dependent variable is observed and measured for changes as a result of the independent variable.
- Researchers may use regression and model building to predict less observable factors from easily detectable ones to understand the relationship between variables.
- Variable values can be numerical or textual.
2-2) Extraneous Variables
- Uncontrollable variables impacting study outcomes are extraneous variables.
- Extraneous variables, impacting the results, are difficult to eliminate completely. Researchers, however, limit their influence by using controls in experiments.
2-3) Status and Treatment Variables
- Variables reflecting attributes like gender, age, education, or ethnicity are status (or attribute) variables. These are pre-existing and unchangeable.
- Variables like concrete mix cement content, which are manipulated, changed, or controlled, are treatment variables.
2-4) Qualitative and Quantitative Variables
- Qualitative/categorical variables, like religion or color, are not measurable in numerical form, unlike quantitative variables like weight or height.
2-5) Continuous and Discrete Variables
- Continuous variables can take any value within a range (e.g., plant height).
- Discrete variables only assume specific values (e.g., family size).
2-6) Nominal and Ordinal Variables
- Nominal variables have categories (e.g., educational status).
- Ordinal variables have categories that can be logically ordered (e.g., levels of agreement).
3) Formal Approaches to Research
- Research approaches are categorized according to purpose, data type, and time.
3-1) Basic or Applied Research
- Basic research has no immediate application; it primarily focuses on enlarging knowledge.
- Applied research yields immediate practical benefits.
- Evaluation research systematically collects data for effective decision making.
- Developmental research aims to develop functional products.
3-2) Descriptive or Analytical Research
- Descriptive research aims to document the prevailing condition of a subject, often used when little is known about a phenomenon.
- Analytical research seeks to understand the cause and effect, association, or correlation of phenomena.
3-3) Quantitative or Qualitative Research
- Quantitative research analyzes numerical data to establish relationships between variables.
- Qualitative research explores phenomena and processes through narrative data analysis that's not expressed numerically.
3-4) Experimental or Non-Experimental Research
- Experimental research manipulates an independent variable to observe resulting dependent variables.
- Non-experimental research, where variables are immovable, focuses on describing, comparing, or examining associations between variables.
3-5) Cross-sectional or Longitudinal Research
- Cross-sectional research collects data at a single point in time, measuring variables at a snapshot moment.
- Longitudinal studies collect data over an extended period, tracking changes over time.
3-6) Retrospective or Prospective Research
- Retrospective research collects data from the past to find relationships between existing circumstances and past events.
- Prospective research collects data about current events while monitoring future results.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz explores the role of intuition in research, including how new ideas can emerge and the conditions that foster intuitive thinking. Participants will engage with concepts of problem definition and the importance of gathering relevant facts for successful research outcomes.
