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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a disadvantage of matched sampling?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of matched sampling?
Accidental sampling is a method that ensures a random sample is obtained.
Accidental sampling is a method that ensures a random sample is obtained.
False
What is the primary method used in panel sampling?
What is the primary method used in panel sampling?
Selecting a group randomly and asking for the same information multiple times
In quota sampling, the population is segmented into mutually exclusive __________.
In quota sampling, the population is segmented into mutually exclusive __________.
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Match the sampling method with its description:
Match the sampling method with its description:
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Which type of test is applied to data that are normally distributed?
Which type of test is applied to data that are normally distributed?
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Non-parametric tests require a normal distribution to be applied.
Non-parametric tests require a normal distribution to be applied.
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What is the primary advantage of a simple random sample?
What is the primary advantage of a simple random sample?
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The nominal level of measurement consists of _____, labels, or categories only.
The nominal level of measurement consists of _____, labels, or categories only.
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Match the sampling methods with their advantages:
Match the sampling methods with their advantages:
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Ordinal level data can be arranged in order and allows for meaningful differences between values.
Ordinal level data can be arranged in order and allows for meaningful differences between values.
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What type of sampling involves selecting every nth individual from a numbered population?
What type of sampling involves selecting every nth individual from a numbered population?
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What is a disadvantage of sampling methods as mentioned in the content?
What is a disadvantage of sampling methods as mentioned in the content?
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What does non-probability sampling imply about the population elements?
What does non-probability sampling imply about the population elements?
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Stratified sampling is beneficial as it yields less accurate results than simple random sampling.
Stratified sampling is beneficial as it yields less accurate results than simple random sampling.
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What is the key characteristic of strata in stratified sampling?
What is the key characteristic of strata in stratified sampling?
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Snowball sampling is especially useful for studying __________ populations.
Snowball sampling is especially useful for studying __________ populations.
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Match the sampling methods with their descriptions:
Match the sampling methods with their descriptions:
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Which sampling method is described as less expensive and time-consuming?
Which sampling method is described as less expensive and time-consuming?
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Data at the interval level can only be arranged in random order.
Data at the interval level can only be arranged in random order.
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What is the formula provided for calculating sample size with a population of N?
What is the formula provided for calculating sample size with a population of N?
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What defines data at the ratio level of measurement?
What defines data at the ratio level of measurement?
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Descriptive statistics is primarily concerned with making predictions about a population.
Descriptive statistics is primarily concerned with making predictions about a population.
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What is the primary goal of inferential statistics?
What is the primary goal of inferential statistics?
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________ sampling is also known as random sampling.
________ sampling is also known as random sampling.
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Match the branches of statistics with their descriptions:
Match the branches of statistics with their descriptions:
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Which of the following is true about sampling?
Which of the following is true about sampling?
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Data at the interval level of measurement has a natural zero point.
Data at the interval level of measurement has a natural zero point.
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In statistics, the process of obtaining data and interpreting them is defined as __________.
In statistics, the process of obtaining data and interpreting them is defined as __________.
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Study Notes
Research in Tourism P1 - Statistics
- Statistics is the science of planning studies, experiments, obtaining, organizing, summarizing, presenting, analyzing, and interpreting data.
- Branches of Statistics:
- Descriptive statistics: Summarizes and describes data sets.
- Inferential statistics: Makes inferences and draws conclusions from samples to make generalizations about populations.
- Parametric vs. Non-parametric tests:
- Parametric tests: Used for normally distributed data (interval or ratio scale) with assumptions about population distribution. Test significance and relationships.
- Non-parametric tests: Used for data without normal distribution (nominal or ordinal scale), doesn't assume any specific population distribution. Tests significance when parametric assumption is violated.
- Levels of Measurement:
- Nominal: Names, labels, or categories, cannot be ordered.
- Ordinal: Categories can be ordered, but differences between values aren't meaningful.
- Interval: Data can be ordered, differences between values are meaningful, but there's no true zero point.
- Ratio: Data can be ordered, differences and ratios are meaningful, there is a true zero point.
- Sampling: Selecting a subset of a population to make inferences about the whole.
- Probability sampling (random sampling): Every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.
- Simple random sampling: Every possible sample of the same size has an equal chance of being selected.
- Systematic random sampling: Selecting every nth member of the population.
- Stratified sampling: Dividing population into groups (strata) and randomly sampling from each strata.
- Cluster sampling: Dividing population into clusters and randomly selecting clusters to sample.
- Non-probability sampling: Some members of the population have no chance of selection or the probability of selection cannot be determined. Sampling errors cannot be estimated.
- Accidental/Convenience sampling: Choosing readily available subjects.
- Quota sampling: Selecting subjects based on predetermined proportions.
- Judgment/Purposive sampling: Selecting subjects based on researcher's judgment.
- Other Sampling Methods:
- Snowball sampling: Identifying members of a population by referrals from one member to another.
- Criterion sampling: Selecting participants who meet certain predetermined criteria.
- Sampling Methods for Qualitative Studies:
- Extreme case sampling: Selecting unusual or extreme cases.
- Maximum variation sampling: Selecting participants with diverse characteristics.
- Homogenous sampling: Selecting participants with similar characteristics.
- Typical case sampling: Selecting cases that represent average or typical cases.
- Critical case sampling: Selecting cases that are crucial for understanding a phenomenon.
Statistical Tools
- Parametric tests: Assumes known population, data based on a known distribution, appropriate for continuous variables. Results are more powerful.
- Non-parametric tests: Doesn't assume known about population, data can be arbitrary, applies to both continuous and discrete variables. Results are less powerful.
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Description
This quiz explores essential concepts in statistics, including descriptive and inferential statistics, levels of measurement, and the differences between parametric and non-parametric tests. Test your understanding of how data can be collected, analyzed, and interpreted in the context of tourism research.
