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Questions and Answers
What effect does a cancer diagnosis have on a teenager's emotional well-being?
What effect does a cancer diagnosis have on a teenager's emotional well-being?
It can cause increased anxiety, depression, and changes in mood.
What is the dependent variable in the study: Among patients undergoing abdominal surgery, does a relaxation intervention reduce pain levels?
What is the dependent variable in the study: Among patients undergoing abdominal surgery, does a relaxation intervention reduce pain levels?
- Type of surgery
- Relaxation intervention
- Pain levels (correct)
- Patient age
What is the dependent variable in the study: Among nurses on medical-surgical units, are lower amounts of daily sleep associated with a higher incidence of medication errors?
What is the dependent variable in the study: Among nurses on medical-surgical units, are lower amounts of daily sleep associated with a higher incidence of medication errors?
- Nurse experience
- Medication errors (correct)
- Daily sleep amounts
- Patient outcomes
What is the independent variable in the study: In school-age children with asthma, is anger a trigger for an asthmatic attack?
What is the independent variable in the study: In school-age children with asthma, is anger a trigger for an asthmatic attack?
What is the dependent variable in the study: Do male vs female schizophrenics differ with regard to medication compliance?
What is the dependent variable in the study: Do male vs female schizophrenics differ with regard to medication compliance?
Although the positivist and constructivist paradigms differ in many ways, which feature do the two paradigms have in common?
Although the positivist and constructivist paradigms differ in many ways, which feature do the two paradigms have in common?
In terms of purposes linked to EBP, what was the purpose of a study developed by a nurse researcher to evaluate pain in nonverbal palliative care patients?
In terms of purposes linked to EBP, what was the purpose of a study developed by a nurse researcher to evaluate pain in nonverbal palliative care patients?
What was the purpose of the nurse researcher's study on the effect of a health promotion intervention for inner city adolescents on their physical activity?
What was the purpose of the nurse researcher's study on the effect of a health promotion intervention for inner city adolescents on their physical activity?
What focus did the study of children coping with fears during routine immunizations have in terms of purposes linked to EBP?
What focus did the study of children coping with fears during routine immunizations have in terms of purposes linked to EBP?
What is a persistent criticism of the scientific method by those who espouse the constructivist paradigm?
What is a persistent criticism of the scientific method by those who espouse the constructivist paradigm?
What type of study investigates the effect of bed angle on hospitalized patients' heart rate?
What type of study investigates the effect of bed angle on hospitalized patients' heart rate?
What action do consumers of research take?
What action do consumers of research take?
What is a major source of funding for nursing research in the United States?
What is a major source of funding for nursing research in the United States?
What limits the capacity of the scientific method to answer questions about human experiences?
What limits the capacity of the scientific method to answer questions about human experiences?
What is an activity that occurs in a journal club?
What is an activity that occurs in a journal club?
Which adjective best describes the scientific method?
Which adjective best describes the scientific method?
Which attribute is a characteristic of the traditional scientific method?
Which attribute is a characteristic of the traditional scientific method?
What is a descriptive question that a qualitative researcher might ask?
What is a descriptive question that a qualitative researcher might ask?
What is a fundamental assumption of the positivist paradigm?
What is a fundamental assumption of the positivist paradigm?
What is a fundamental assumption in the constructivist paradigm?
What is a fundamental assumption in the constructivist paradigm?
What is a likely trend for the future of nursing research?
What is a likely trend for the future of nursing research?
What is an example of a clinical nursing research question?
What is an example of a clinical nursing research question?
What is a potential limitation of qualitative research?
What is a potential limitation of qualitative research?
What is a primary source for answering clinical questions for evidence-based nursing?
What is a primary source for answering clinical questions for evidence-based nursing?
What is a descriptive question for a quantitative study?
What is a descriptive question for a quantitative study?
Research findings increasingly must meet the test of being clinically significant, and medical practitioners have taken center stage in efforts to define clinical significance.
Research findings increasingly must meet the test of being clinically significant, and medical practitioners have taken center stage in efforts to define clinical significance.
What is the best method of acquiring reliable knowledge on which to base clinical practice?
What is the best method of acquiring reliable knowledge on which to base clinical practice?
What is a major assumption of the constructivist paradigm world view?
What is a major assumption of the constructivist paradigm world view?
Quantitative research is allied with constructivist tradition.
Quantitative research is allied with constructivist tradition.
In terms of purposes linked to EBP, what was the purpose of the study evaluating pain in nonverbal palliative care patients?
In terms of purposes linked to EBP, what was the purpose of the study evaluating pain in nonverbal palliative care patients?
Quantitative research attempts to identify a phenomenon.
Quantitative research attempts to identify a phenomenon.
What is the effect of interruptions while nurses are giving medications on the number of medication errors they make?
What is the effect of interruptions while nurses are giving medications on the number of medication errors they make?
What is it like for women to be the victims of physical abuse?
What is it like for women to be the victims of physical abuse?
What does it mean for a patient to receive a diagnosis of colon cancer?
What does it mean for a patient to receive a diagnosis of colon cancer?
What is the effect of a nursing cessation intervention on the number of cigarettes that patients smoke?
What is the effect of a nursing cessation intervention on the number of cigarettes that patients smoke?
Do the babies of women who do not get prenatal care have lower birth weights than other babies?
Do the babies of women who do not get prenatal care have lower birth weights than other babies?
After a product for an institutional EBP project has been developed, what is typically the next step?
After a product for an institutional EBP project has been developed, what is typically the next step?
In the clinical question, 'What is the effect of relaxation therapy versus biofeedback on the functional ability of patients with rheumatoid arthritis?', what is the Outcome (O component)?
In the clinical question, 'What is the effect of relaxation therapy versus biofeedback on the functional ability of patients with rheumatoid arthritis?', what is the Outcome (O component)?
In the clinical question, 'Do stress and depression affect dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?', what is the Population (P component)?
In the clinical question, 'Do stress and depression affect dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?', what is the Population (P component)?
In the clinical question, 'Does a nurse-led health promotion program improve the eating habits of community-dwelling elders?', which PICO component is the health promotion program?
In the clinical question, 'Does a nurse-led health promotion program improve the eating habits of community-dwelling elders?', which PICO component is the health promotion program?
In the clinical question, 'In hospitalized children aged 8 to 12 years undergoing surgery, does imagery-induced relaxation reduce postoperative pain?', what is the Intervention (I component)?
In the clinical question, 'In hospitalized children aged 8 to 12 years undergoing surgery, does imagery-induced relaxation reduce postoperative pain?', what is the Intervention (I component)?
In the clinical question, 'Relative to sterile water, what is the effect of sucrose on pain during intravenous cannulation?', what component is missing?
In the clinical question, 'Relative to sterile water, what is the effect of sucrose on pain during intravenous cannulation?', what component is missing?
In which clinical question is fatigue the 'I' component?
In which clinical question is fatigue the 'I' component?
Which evidence source is typically at the pinnacle of most evidence hierarchies?
Which evidence source is typically at the pinnacle of most evidence hierarchies?
What is a metasynthesis?
What is a metasynthesis?
In the Iowa Model, which is a problem-focused trigger for implementing an EBP project?
In the Iowa Model, which is a problem-focused trigger for implementing an EBP project?
What is the purpose of an evidence hierarchy?
What is the purpose of an evidence hierarchy?
Which activity is part of an organizational-but not an individual-EBP endeavor?
Which activity is part of an organizational-but not an individual-EBP endeavor?
What argument do advocates of EBP use?
What argument do advocates of EBP use?
What can be used to critically appraise clinical practice guidelines?
What can be used to critically appraise clinical practice guidelines?
What is a major barrier to evidence-based practice in nursing?
What is a major barrier to evidence-based practice in nursing?
What is an example of a systematic review?
What is an example of a systematic review?
What is a question asked in appraising research evidence in an individual EBP effort?
What is a question asked in appraising research evidence in an individual EBP effort?
Which is a systematic review that integrates quantitative research findings?
Which is a systematic review that integrates quantitative research findings?
What is an important issue in determining the implementation potential of the EBP project for an organization?
What is an important issue in determining the implementation potential of the EBP project for an organization?
Which model was developed for individual nurses to engage in research utilization?
Which model was developed for individual nurses to engage in research utilization?
The strongest level of evidence is obtained from individual correlation studies.
The strongest level of evidence is obtained from individual correlation studies.
What is a technique for integrating quantitative research findings statistically called?
What is a technique for integrating quantitative research findings statistically called?
What is the next appropriate step after appraising and synthesizing evidence for researching new methods of preventing HAP?
What is the next appropriate step after appraising and synthesizing evidence for researching new methods of preventing HAP?
What issue is of particular importance in determining the implementation potential of the EBP project for the organization?
What issue is of particular importance in determining the implementation potential of the EBP project for the organization?
Clinical practice guidelines put evidence into usable form.
Clinical practice guidelines put evidence into usable form.
In patients with constipation, what is the effect of an abdominal massage on patients' bowel movements?
In patients with constipation, what is the effect of an abdominal massage on patients' bowel movements?
Among pregnant women, does a prior miscarriage affect pregnancy-related distress?
Among pregnant women, does a prior miscarriage affect pregnancy-related distress?
Among elderly patients, does poor eyesight contribute to the occurrence of a fall?
Among elderly patients, does poor eyesight contribute to the occurrence of a fall?
Among 8-10 year olds, is the total energy expenditure lower among the children with congenital heart disease than among those without CHD?
Among 8-10 year olds, is the total energy expenditure lower among the children with congenital heart disease than among those without CHD?
Does the type of feeding for infants (breastfeeding vs bottle) during the first 6 months of life affect the incidence of infections during early childhood?
Does the type of feeding for infants (breastfeeding vs bottle) during the first 6 months of life affect the incidence of infections during early childhood?
In qualitative research, what does saturation indicate?
In qualitative research, what does saturation indicate?
In terms of the PICO framework, a dependent variable in a study corresponds to which component?
In terms of the PICO framework, a dependent variable in a study corresponds to which component?
In terms of the PICO framework, an independent variable in a study corresponds to which combination of components?
In terms of the PICO framework, an independent variable in a study corresponds to which combination of components?
In which qualitative research tradition would the question 'What is it like to experience a heart transplantation?' be rooted?
In which qualitative research tradition would the question 'What is it like to experience a heart transplantation?' be rooted?
In which type of study would deductive reasoning most likely be used?
In which type of study would deductive reasoning most likely be used?
What are the two broad classes of quantitative research?
What are the two broad classes of quantitative research?
What is the purpose of an operational definition?
What is the purpose of an operational definition?
What is a question about a causal relationship?
What is a question about a causal relationship?
What is the aggregate of individuals or objects to which a researcher wishes to generalize study results?
What is the aggregate of individuals or objects to which a researcher wishes to generalize study results?
What is the dependent variable in the research question, 'Is the quality of life of nursing home residents affected by their functional ability or hearing acuity?'?
What is the dependent variable in the research question, 'Is the quality of life of nursing home residents affected by their functional ability or hearing acuity?'?
What is the dependent variable in the question, 'Are depressive symptoms among patients with cancer affected by their degree of physical mobility and their pain levels?'?
What is the dependent variable in the question, 'Are depressive symptoms among patients with cancer affected by their degree of physical mobility and their pain levels?'?
What is the independent variable in the research question, 'What is the effect of noise levels on postoperative pain and blood pressure fluctuations in ICU patients?'?
What is the independent variable in the research question, 'What is the effect of noise levels on postoperative pain and blood pressure fluctuations in ICU patients?'?
What is the independent variable in the question, 'Do baccalaureate degree-prepared nurses practice more rehabilitative nursing procedures on a client in an ICU than associate degree-prepared nurses?'?
What is the independent variable in the question, 'Do baccalaureate degree-prepared nurses practice more rehabilitative nursing procedures on a client in an ICU than associate degree-prepared nurses?'?
Which qualitative research tradition focuses on understanding phenomena within a cultural context?
Which qualitative research tradition focuses on understanding phenomena within a cultural context?
Which research tradition is not used by qualitative nurse researchers?
Which research tradition is not used by qualitative nurse researchers?
Which statement about undertaking literature reviews is true?
Which statement about undertaking literature reviews is true?
Which statement about qualitative research design is true?
Which statement about qualitative research design is true?
Which statement about qualitative studies is true?
Which statement about qualitative studies is true?
Which term is used by both quantitative and qualitative researchers to refer to the abstractions under study?
Which term is used by both quantitative and qualitative researchers to refer to the abstractions under study?
What is the term associated with a quantitative study conducted to determine protocols for triaging patients in the emergency department?
What is the term associated with a quantitative study conducted to determine protocols for triaging patients in the emergency department?
Researchers involved in quantitative research commonly engage in fieldwork.
Researchers involved in quantitative research commonly engage in fieldwork.
What is the best description of a dependent variable?
What is the best description of a dependent variable?
Clinical trials are an example of observational research in medicine.
Clinical trials are an example of observational research in medicine.
What is an example of a question that researchers ask when using phenomenology during qualitative research?
What is an example of a question that researchers ask when using phenomenology during qualitative research?
What is the first action performed when designing and planning a quantitative study?
What is the first action performed when designing and planning a quantitative study?
Study Notes
Paradigms and Research Approaches
- Positivist and constructivist paradigms both require human cooperation in studies.
- Positivist paradigm assumes an objective reality that can be studied and understood.
- Constructivist paradigm views reality as subjectively constructed and interpreted by individuals.
Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) Purposes
- Diagnosis/assessment is exemplified by evaluating pain in nonverbal palliative care patients.
- Treatment/therapy purpose demonstrated through a health promotion intervention for adolescents.
- Meaning and processes focus studied through children's fears during immunizations.
Research Methodologies
- Quantitative studies include measurable variables such as heart rate influenced by bed angle.
- Qualitative studies explore subjective experiences, such as coping with fear or the impact of physical abuse.
- Saturation in qualitative research indicates redundancy in themes, signaling data collection completion.
Research Funding and Support
- Major funding source for nursing research in the U.S. is the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR).
- Systematic reviews, including meta-analyses, provide the highest level of evidence and guide clinical practice.
Clinical Research Design
- Distinct phases include formulating a research design and conducting pilot tests post-development of EBP interventions.
- PICO framework helps structure clinical questions focusing on population, intervention, comparison, and outcome.
Barriers to Evidence-Based Practice
- A significant barrier is the lack of skills among nurses to locate and evaluate research effectively.
- Implementation potential is significantly influenced by the cost-benefit ratio of introducing innovations.
Themes in Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research
- Quantitative research relies on hypotheses, with independent and dependent variables framing causal relationships.
- Qualitative research uses inductive methods, focusing on understanding phenomena within their cultural contexts.
- Deductive reasoning is typically employed in experimental studies to confirm hypotheses.
Statistical Techniques and Analysis
- Meta-analysis serves as a statistical method to integrate quantitative research findings.
- The dependent variable is the outcome being assessed, while the independent variable is the predictor being tested.
Closing Observations on EBP
- Evidence hierarchies rank the strength of research, with systematic reviews at the top.
- Clinical practice guidelines translate evidence into actionable steps for healthcare practitioners, enhancing decision-making processes.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards for Research Exam 1. Explore key concepts related to positivist and constructivist paradigms, as well as evidence-based practice in nursing research. Perfect for preparing for your upcoming exam.
