Questions and Answers
Which is an example of a situation where deferential vulnerability might be a factor?
In deferential vulnerability, the authority over the prospective subject is due to formal hierarchies.
False
Subjects with a serious illness may be at risk for exploitation because they may be desperate for a possible cure. This is an example of:
A subject participates in a drug study because treatment is available at no or reduced cost. This is an example of: _____
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What are the six broad areas of traits that may prevent individuals from providing voluntary informed consent?
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According to the authors, which of these options contains the four common abuses historically described as giving rise to vulnerability?
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Therapeutic misconception occurs when subjects accurately understand the difference between research and treatment.
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Study Notes
Deferential Vulnerability
- Deferential vulnerability arises from informal power relationships rather than formal hierarchies, influenced by factors such as gender, race, or class inequalities.
- Authority in these relationships can compromise informed consent, making participation not fully voluntary.
Medical Vulnerability
- Subjects with serious illnesses are at risk for exploitation due to desperation for potential cures.
- Medical vulnerability increases when there are no satisfactory standard treatments, affecting subjects' ability to assess risks and benefits.
Economic Vulnerability
- Economic vulnerability occurs when individuals are disadvantaged in acquiring social goods like income, housing, or healthcare.
- Participation in research may be driven by the availability of treatments at reduced or no cost, potentially leading to exploitation.
Therapeutic Misconception
- Therapeutic misconception happens when subjects confuse the roles of physician-researchers, failing to understand the distinction between research and traditional treatment approaches.
Cognitive or Communicative Vulnerability
- Individuals lacking the ability to comprehend information or make informed decisions about participation face cognitive or communicative vulnerability.
- This type of vulnerability hinders the capacity to provide voluntary informed consent.
Common Abuses Leading to Vulnerability
- Vulnerabilities are historically linked to four common abuses:
- Physical control
- Coercion
- Undue influence
- Manipulation
- These abuses exist on a severity continuum, with physical control being the most severe.
Social Vulnerability
- Social vulnerability affects prospective subjects from undervalued social groups, leading to reduced concern from researchers regarding the risks they might face.
Institutional Vulnerability
- Institutional vulnerability occurs when individuals are under formal authority, which can affect their decision-making abilities and lead to coerced participation despite having the cognitive capacity to consent.
Importance of Informed Consent
- Informed consent must be safeguarded against factors that might unduly influence or coerce prospective subjects into participating in research, ensuring ethical standards are upheld.
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Description
This quiz explores the concept of deferential vulnerability in research involving human subjects. It covers situations where additional considerations and protections are necessary when recruiting participants. Test your knowledge on ethical considerations in research involving vulnerable populations.
